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2011 - James M. Headrick
For over six decades James M. Headrick was a key contributor to the success of high-frequency over-the-horizon (OTH) radar, an important advance over conventional microwave radar techniques. High-frequency OTH radar has a range of 2,000 nautical miles and beyond for detecting aircraft, ships, and ballistic missiles and determining the strength of winds that drive ocean waves. Headrick’s pioneering work to develop high-frequency OTH radar began at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory in the late 1940s. By 1956 the Naval Research Laboratory was the first to successfully demonstrate a Doppler shift technique for detecting aircraft and ships despite the echoes caused by sea clutter. Headrick’s efforts led to the operation of the Naval Research Lab’s MADRE (for magnetic drum radar equipment) OTH radar, located on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay, in 1961. Headrick demonstrated the detection of aircraft and ships, of nuclear tests, of ballistic missile launches, and the importance of sea echoes. MADRE provided the foundation that led to the U.S. Air Force’s Continental Air Defense radar as well as the U.S Navy’s Relocatable OTH Radar (ROTHR) system, which has been adapted for use by U.S. Customs to detect drug smugglers trying to cross the U.S. border. Headrick’s work has also affected radar systems outside the United States, such as Australia’s Jindalee radar, which is the cornerstone of Australia’s national surveillance system.
An IEEE Life Senior Member, Headrick, who passed away in February 2011, was a retired annuitant research engineer with the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory residing in Stanfield, Ore.
2010 - Alfonso Farina
His studies of phased arrays led to the realization of the advanced adaptive cancellation system for the multifunctional phased array ship-borne radar within a trans-national cooperation project; this system is in operation today on board Italian and foreign Navies ships.
An IEEE Fellow, he is currently director of the Integrated Systems Analysis Department at SELEX Sistemi Integrati, Rome, Italy, where he has worked since 1974.
2009 - Philip M. Woodward
Philip Woodward has profoundly influenced radar signal analysis through his application of probability and statistics to recover11ing data from noisy samples. Dr. Woodward focused on optimizing the information content of the radar signal instead of its electrical strength in a time when the focus was on maximizing the electrical strength by comparison with that of the background noise.
He applied Bayesian probability techniques to eliminate everything but the desired information from radar echoes. The Woodward Ambiguity Function provided the foundation for the development of complex waveforms in modern radars and for description of radar resolution and accuracy. It was able to show graphically how range and velocity accuracy could be traded, how spurious responses appear in both dimensions and the limitations governing the process. With computing power not available at the time it was developed, it now has enabled system designers to assess the capacity of a complex radar transmission to detect the range and radial velocity of a target and to define the optimum detection strategy.
Dr. Woodward’s book, Probability and Information Theory, with Applications to Radar, is considered a classic in the field of radar, and his book entitled My Own Right Time is a classic in the field of horological science. With both fields in mind, the U.K. Royal Academy of Engineering awarded him their first-ever Lifetime Achievement Medal. Dr. Woodward retired in 1980 as a deputy chief scientific officer from the Royal Radar Establishment, where he began working in 1940. He currently resides in Malvern, United Kingdom.
2008 - Yaakov Bar-Shalom
Yaakov Bar-Shalom, one of the best known in the field of complex radar systems, has made numerous contributions to radar tracking technology over his 30-year career. Dr. Bar-Shalom’s work has helped improve a broad range of commercial and military applications from air traffic control systems to the Patriot Missile defense system.
An early work, the probabilistic data association filter (PDAF), was developed for target tracking in low signal-to-noise ratio environments. Raytheon Corporation developed the PDAF into the Relocatable Over-the-Horizon Radar for the U.S. Navy to provide wide-area surveillance, and later for commercial applications involving the tracking of planes and ships. The PDAF was further developed into the joint probabilistic data association filter to facilitate the tracking of multiple, closely spaced targets in the presence of clutter.
Dr. Bar-Shalom also contributed to the development of the interacting multiple model estimator that can be used to reduce radar time and energy required to track maneuvering targets. His more recent work has helped facilitate the application of multiple hypotheses tracking in radar applications.
An IEEE Fellow, he is currently the Marianne E. Klewin Professor in Engineering and a University of Connecticut Board of Trustees Distinguished Professor. He has written seven books and more than 360 papers and book chapters, and is the most published author in IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. Dr. Bar-Shalom holds a bachelor’s and master’s degrees from Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, and a doctorate from Princeton University, Princeton, N.J., all in electrical engineering.
2007 - Russell K. Raney
Dr. Russell Keith Raney has been one of the foremost contributors to synthetic aperture radar systems (SAR) over the past 40 years. His work includes the first dual-aperture airborne moving-target-indicating SAR, and he has produced a thesis on quadratic filter theory, which provides the foundations for formal principles of conservation for SAR systems.
Throughout his distinguished career, Dr. Raney has played a significant role in developing innovative approaches to space-based radars. While working with the Canada Center for Remote Sensing, he was one of the principal technical architects behind RADARSAT-1, which was Canada’s first space-borne radar satellite. Additionally, he made contributions to the conceptual design of CryoSat, the European Space Agency’s first satellite developed to focus on the Earth’s environment; the hybrid-polarity architecture for two lunar radars used by NASA and the Indian Space Research Organization; and his original contributions to NASA’s Magellan spacecraft, which used radar imaging to provide highly detailed maps of Venus during its four year orbit from 1990-1994.
Dr. Raney holds six patents, one of which is for his co-invention of chirp-scaling SAR processing. He has published approximately 400 papers in referenced journals and symposia proceedings.
Currently, Dr. Raney is a member of the Principal Professional Staff in the Applied Physics Laboratory of the Space Department at Johns Hopkins University, and Assistant Supervisor of the Ocean Remote Sensing Group.
An IEEE Life Fellow, Dr. Raney has previously been presented with the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society Distinguished Achievement Award and the Transactions Prize Paper Award, among others. Dr. Raney received his bachelor of science from Harvard University, as well as a master’s degree in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University and a doctorate from the University of Michigan.
2006 - Eli Brookner
Eli Brookner is a global radar authority known for his contributions to airborne, intelligence, space, air-traffic control and defense mission systems. Among his accomplishments is his leadership in designing advanced airport surveillance radars, making air travel safer.
A principal engineering fellow at Raytheon Company’s Integrated Defense Systems, Sudbury, Massachusetts, Dr. Brookner has played a key role in many major radar and phased-array radar systems developed during the past 40 years. His teaching and lecturing have inspired and educated several generations of radar engineers worldwide, over 10,000 have attended his lectures.
At Raytheon, he has been a leader or advisor to over 20 major radar programs for civil and defense applications. During these programs he demonstrated exceptional technical leadership, devising less-expensive and better-performing alternatives to products on the market or on the drawing board. From 1972 to 1989, he was the technical lead on virtually all major U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy space-based radar studies.
In 1998, he was the lead system engineer for the Canadian RADARSTAT II solid-state high-resolution system. A year later, he was a key systems engineer for the development of the solid-state Airport Surface Detection Equipment Radar, which observes moving and stationary aircraft and vehicular traffic on airport runways, taxiways and ramps with a high degree of resolution.
An IEEE Life Fellow, Dr. Brookner has twice been chairman of the International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology. He is the recipient of the IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society (AESS) Warren White Award for Excellence in Radar Engineering, an IEEE Centennial Medal and an IEEE Millennium Medal, the IEEE Educational Activities Board Meritorious Achievement Award and is a Distinguished Lecturer for the IEEE AESS.
