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Director, Electrical and Controls Integration Research Laboratory, General Motors Global Research & Development, Warren, MI

As the architect of modern reference frame theory, Dr. Paul C. Krause has made the analysis and understanding of the operation of electric machines more straightforward. In the 1960s, he determined that the different mathematical transformations that comprised reference frame theory could be established from one transformation, which he called the “arbitrary reference frame” transformation. He subsequently extended this original work to establish the concept of multiple reference frame analysis; thereby, forming the basis of modern reference frame theory and making the analysis less intimidating. His accomplishments have impacted the emerging use of electric drives for vehicles, aircraft, ships, and in electric power grid applications. He has focused his fundamental concepts of reference frame analysis on commercial applications through his company, PC Krause and Associates (West Lafayette, IN.), which he started in 1983.
An IEEE Life Fellow, Dr. Krause recently retired from Purdue University and is currently the president and chief executive officer of PC Krause and Associates.

Donald W. Novotny’s insight into the complex behavior of alternating current (ac) machines enabled the motor drive technology revolution. By developing a basic understanding of the unexpected nature of machine dynamics over a range of frequencies, he clarified the nature of these responses, showing they were inherent in all induction machines. This resulted in the ability to evaluate individual machines to determine the global influence of specific machine parameters and to predict general trends over an entire range of machine ratings. This work was the first to demonstrate the strong influence of magnetic saturation on dynamic response as well as on self-excitation in induction machines.
He published one of the first papers on hysteresis control of current in an ac motor drive, now a standard technique for current control. Another of his papers was on the impact of bearing currents in inverter drives and a proposed method for analyzing the phenomenon. More recently he introduced and analyzed the coaxial winding transformer as a means of drastically reducing leakage inductance, thus extending the frequency range of many power electronic circuits.
An IEEE Life Fellow, Dr. Novotny is an emeritus professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.

T. J. E. Miller is founder and director of the Scottish Power Electronics and Electric Drives Consortium (SPEED) – an engineering collaboration between the academic and industrial world used daily by more than 100 companies and 1,500 engineers in Europe, the United States, Japan, South America and the Far East. Dr. Miller led the development of theoretical methods, design techniques and software used in the manufacturing of everyday machinery, including washing machines, refrigerators, power tools, and a wide range of industrial products. The SPEED software combines many of the advanced analytical techniques based on his published research in electrical engineering. The SPEED Laboratory at the University of Glasgow is acknowledged as the world’s leading supplier of design software for electric machines. An IEEE Fellow, Dr. Miller is the author of more than 200 publications in the fields of motors, drives, power systems and power electronics, including eight books.

Thomas Nehl is a leader in designing tools to improve automotive processes. At GM Research Labs in Warren, Michigan and later Delphi in Shelby Township, Michigan, where he is a group leader, he developed novel approaches to the modeling of electronically operated drive and actuator systems that have been used widely within the automotive industry.
Dr. Nehl’s math-based tools have a wide range of automotive applications, including fuel injectors, transmission control solenoids, controlled dampers, relays, rotary and linear actuators, accessory drives, electric power steering, traction drives for electric and hybrid vehicles and a variety of sensors (position, speed, torque). His tools have impacted a number of automotive products, including pivoting armature injectors for General Motors (GM) trucks and sport utility vehicles, port fuel injectors for GM passenger vehicles, linear EGR valves, wheel speed and crankshaft position sensors, low torque ripple PM drives for electric power steering (Delphi) and MR dampers for controlled suspensions (Delphi).
Dr. Nehl holds bachelors, masters and doctoral degrees, all in electrical engineering, from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) at Blacksburg, Virginia.

Dr. Konrad Reichert has made seminal contributions to the introduction of numerical field methods, especially the finite element method for electrical machine simulation and design. He also developed computer programs based on systems analysis and numerical field calculation methods that advanced new motor technologies.
The finite element design packages for electrical machines, developed by him and his staff at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH), have made it easier and safer to develop machines via computer-aided design. They enable simulations to define machine operating characteristics and parameters such as voltages, inductances, demagnetization limits, local loss distribution, and torque and torque ripple. His programs are used extensively today in commercial and scientific applications in electrical machine design, permanent magnet manufacturing and university research worldwide.
His expertise has been critical to the design of large permanent magnet machines, such as gearless permanent magnet generators in windmill applications. He also made significant contributions to optimizing electrical machine performance in hybrid electric vehicle propulsion, low-torque ripple in steer-by-wire projects, and gearless drives for transportation. His research and the resultant software have indicated the influence of mesh shape and the importance of refining parasite machine effects like cogging torques.
Retired from ETH Zurich since 1997, Dr. Reichert is an IEEE Life Fellow. He has a Dipl. Ing., a doctoral degree and a senior doctoral degree, all in electrical engineering, from the University of Stuttgart in Germany.