= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1998 IEEE Approved Indexing Keyword List (c) 1998 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Note: * Keywords preceded by an asterisk (*) should not be used. Instead, use one of the choices indicated. Ablation Absolute stability Absorbing media Abstracts AC circuit breakers AC generator excitation AC generators AC machines *AC measurements+ ===> Instead use: Electric variables measurement AC motor drives AC motor protection AC motors *Accelerated testing+ ===> Instead use: Life estimation Acceleration Acceleration control Acceleration measurement *Accelerator beams+ ===> Instead use Particle beams Accelerator cavities Accelerator control systems *Accelerator magnet power supplies+ ===> Instead use Accelerator power supplies Accelerator magnets Accelerator measurement systems Accelerator power supplies Accelerator RF systems Accelerator safety Accelerators Access control Access protocols Accidents Acoustic applications Acoustic arrays Acoustic beam focusing Acoustic beam steering Acoustic beams Acoustic bonding *Acoustic communication (underwater)+ ===> Instead use Underwater acoustic communication Acoustic convolvers Acoustic correlators Acoustic couplers Acoustic delay lines Acoustic detectors Acoustic device fabrication SN Use for both commercial and noncommercial processes Acoustic device thermal factors Acoustic devices Acoustic diffraction Acoustic distance measurement Acoustic emission Acoustic fields Acoustic filters Acoustic frequency conversion *Acoustic generators+ ===> Instead use Acoustic radiators Acoustic holography Acoustic imaging Acoustic impedance Acoustic interferometry Acoustic materials Acoustic materials-processing applications Acoustic measurements Acoustic microscopy Acoustic motors Acoustic noise Acoustic noise measurement Acoustic oscillators Acoustic parametric amplifiers Acoustic parametric devices Acoustic position measurement Acoustic propagation *Acoustic propagation in nonlinear media+ ===> Instead use Nonlinear acoustics Acoustic pulse compression Acoustic pulses Acoustic radiation effects Acoustic radiators Acoustic reflection Acoustic refraction Acoustic resonator filters Acoustic resonators Acoustic scattering Acoustic signal analysis Acoustic signal detection Acoustic signal processing *Acoustic sources+ ===> Instead use Acoustic radiators Acoustic spectroscopy *Acoustic surface waves+ ===> Instead use Surface acoustic waves *Acoustic telemetry (underwater)+ ===> Instead use Underwater acoustic telemetry Acoustic testing Acoustic tomography Acoustic tracking *Acoustic transducer arrays+ ===> Instead use Acoustic arrays Acoustic transducers Acoustic velocity Acoustic velocity measurement SN Use for velocity measurement by acoustic means. For acoustic wave velocity, use "Acoustic propagation" Acoustic waveguides Acoustics Acoustoelectric correlators Acoustoelectric delay lines Acoustoelectric devices Acoustoelectric effects Acoustoelectric transducers *Acoustomagnetic effects+ ===> Instead use Magnetoacoustic effects Acoustooptic convolution Acoustooptic correlators Acoustooptic couplers Acoustooptic deflectors Acoustooptic devices Acoustooptic diffraction Acoustooptic effects Acoustooptic filters Acoustooptic measurements Acoustooptic modulation *Acoustooptic scanning+ ===> Instead use Acoustooptic deflectors Acoustooptic signal processing Acoustooptic switches Acoustooptic transducers Activation analysis Active antennas Active arrays Active circuits Active filters Active vision *Actively loaded antennas+ ===> Instead use Active antennas Actuators Acupuncture AC-AC power conversion AC-DC power conversion Ada Adaptive arrays Adaptive coding Adaptive control Adaptive decoding Adaptive equalizers Adaptive estimation Adaptive filters Adaptive Kalman filtering Adaptive modulation Adaptive observers Adaptive optics Adaptive radar Adaptive resonance theory Adaptive signal detection Adaptive signal processing Adaptive systems Adders Addition *Adhesives+ ===> Instead use Bonding *Adjacent channel interference+ ===> Instead use Interchannel interference Admittance Admittance matrix Admittance measurement *Advanced TV+ ===> Instead use HDTV Aerodynamics Aerosols Aerospace biophysics Aerospace control *Aerospace ground equipment+ ===> Instead use Ground support *Aerospace ground services+ ===> Instead use Ground support Aerospace industry Aerospace simulation Aerospace test facilities "Space vehicle testing" was used Aerospace testing "Space vehicle testing" was used *AFC+ ===> Instead use Frequency control Aging *Aging of persons+ ===> Instead use Geriatrics Agriculture *Aids for the handicapped+ ===> Instead use Handicapped aids *Air blast circuit breakers+ ===> Instead use Gas blast circuit breakers Air break switches *Air bubbles+ ===> Instead use Bubbles *Air circuit breakers+ ===> Instead use Gas circuit breakers Air conditioning Air gaps Air insulation Air pollution Air traffic control Air transportation Airborne radar Aircraft Aircraft antennas Aircraft communication Aircraft computers Aircraft control Aircraft control human factors Aircraft crew training Aircraft detection and tracking Aircraft display human factors Aircraft displays *Aircraft electrical systems+ ===> Instead use Aircraft power systems Aircraft electronics *Aircraft engines+ ===> Instead use Aircraft propulsion Aircraft expert systems Aircraft instrumentation Aircraft landing guidance Aircraft lightning effects Aircraft maintenance Aircraft navigation Aircraft power systems Aircraft propulsion Aircraft reliability Aircraft testing *Aircraft tracking+ ===> Instead use Aircraft detection and tracking Alarm systems Algebra *Algebraic manipulation+ ===> Instead use Symbol manipulation Algebraic Riccati equations Algebraic-geometric codes Algorithms All pass circuits *Allocation+ ===> Instead use Resource management Alloys *Alnico+ ===> Instead use Permanent magnets *Aloha+ ===> Instead use Access protocols Alpha particles Alpha-particle detectors Alpha-particle radiation effects Alpha-particle spectroscopy Alpha-particle spectroscopy detectors Alternators Altimetry Aluminum Aluminum alloys Aluminum compounds Aluminum conductors *Aluminum industry+ ===> Instead use Metals industry Aluminum integrated circuit conductors Aluminum power conductors *AM+ ===> Instead use Amplitude modulation AM noise Ammeters Amorphous magnetic films *Amorphous magnetic layered films was used Amorphous magnetic materials Amorphous magnetic wires Amorphous materials *Amorphous semiconductors was used Amplifier distortion Amplifier noise Amplifiers *Amplitude and phase shift keying+ ===> Instead use Quadrature amplitude modulation Amplitude estimation Amplitude modulation Amplitude shift keying AM-PM conversion Analog circuits Analog computers Analog integrated circuits Analog memories Analog multipliers Analog processing circuits Analog system fault diagnosis Analog system fault tolerance Analog system testing Analog systems *Analogical reasoning+ ===> Instead use Case based reasoning Analog-digital conversion Anechoic chambers (acoustic) Anechoic chambers (electromagnetic) Anemometers Anesthesiology Angiocardiography Angle modulation Angular velocity Animals Animation Anisotropic media Annealing Anodes ANSI standards *Antarctic region+ ===> Instead use Arctic regions Antenna accessories Antenna array feeds Antenna array mutual coupling Antenna arrays *Antenna components+ ===> Instead use Antenna accessories Antenna feeds Antenna measurements Antenna mechanical factors Antenna proximity factors Antenna radiation patterns *Antenna terrain factors+ ===> Instead use Antenna proximity factors Antenna theory Antenna tolerance analysis Antenna transient analysis Antennas Antialiasing *Antiferroelectric materials+ ===> Instead use Dielectric materials Antiferromagnetic materials Aperture antennas Apertures *Appliances+ ===> Instead use Home appliances Application specific integrated circuits Approximation methods Aquaculture *Ar processes+ ===> Instead use Autoregressive processes Arbiters Arc discharges Arc heating *Arc lamps+ ===> Instead use Lighting *Arc welding+ ===> Instead use Welding Architectural acoustics Architecture *Architecture (computer)+ ===> Instead use Computer architecture Arctic regions Area measurement Argon *ARIMA processes+ ===> Instead use Autoregressive integrated moving average processes Arithmetic Arithmetic codes *ARMA processes+ ===> Instead use Autoregressive moving average processes Arms control *Arms (robotic)+ ===> Instead use Manipulators *ARQ+ ===> Instead use Automatic repeat request *Array processing+ ===> Instead use Parallel processing Array signal processing Arrays Arresters Art ART neural networks Artificial biological organs Artificial intelligence Artificial limbs *ASK+ ===> Instead use Amplitude shift keying *Askarel insulation+ ===> Instead use Polychlorinated biphenyls *Assemblers (program)+ ===> Instead use Program assemblers Assembly SN Use when the focus is on the process rather than the overall system or setup *Assembly methods+ ===> Instead use Assembly *Assembly planning+ ===> Instead use Assembly Assembly systems Associative memories Associative processing Astronomical satellites Astronomy Asymptotic stability Asynchronous logic circuit fault diagnosis Asynchronous logic circuit fault tolerance Asynchronous logic circuit testing Asynchronous logic circuits Asynchronous rotating machines Asynchronous transfer mode *ATE+ ===> Instead use Automatic test equipment *ATM+ ===> Instead use Asynchronous transfer mode *Atmosphere+ ===> Instead use Planetary atmospheres Atmospheric measurements Atomic beams Atomic clocks Atomic force microscopy *Atomic frequency standards+ ===> Instead use Atomic clocks *Atomic lasers+ ===> Instead use Gas lasers Atomic measurements Atomic physics Attenuation Attenuation measurement Attenuators Attitude control *Attitude determination+ ===> Instead use Position measurement *ATV+ ===> Instead use HDTV *Audible noise+ ===> Instead use Acoustic noise Audio amplifiers Audio coding Audio oscillators Audio recording Audio systems *Audio-visual instructional aids+ ===> Instead use Educational technology *Auditory evoked potentials+ ===> Instead use Bioelectric potentials Auditory system Aurora Authoring languages Authoring systems *Autocorrelation+ ===> Instead use Correlation Automata Automated highways *Automatic frequency control+ ===> Instead use Frequency control *Automatic gain control+ ===> Instead use Gain control Automatic optical inspection Automatic programming Automatic repeat request Automatic test equipment Automatic test languages Automatic test software Automatic testing *Automatic vehicle monitoring+ ===> Instead use Road vehicle location monitoring Automation *Automobiles+ ===> Instead use Road vehicles *Autonomous vehicles+ ===> Instead use Mobile robots Autoregressive integrated moving average processes Autoregressive moving average processes Autoregressive processes Autotransformers Availability Avalanche breakdown Avalanche diodes Avalanche photodiodes *Avionics+ ===> Instead use Aircraft electronics Awards Backfire antennas Backpropagation *Backscattering+ ===> Instead use Scattering Backward wave oscillators Backward wave tubes *Bacteria+ ===> Instead use Microorganisms Balloons Baluns Banach spaces Bandlimited circuits Bandlimited communication Bandlimited signals Bandlimited stochastic processes Bandpass filters *Bandpass limiting+ ===> Instead use Limiting Bandstop filters Bandwidth compression Bang-bang control *Banking+ ===> Instead use Financial data processing Bar codes BARITT diodes Barium Barium alloys Barium compounds Barkhausen effect Batteries Battery chargers Battery storage plants Bayes procedures *BCD+ ===> Instead use Binary coded decimals BCH codes *Beam focusing+ ===> Instead use Focusing *Beam shaping+ ===> Instead use Shaped beam antennas Beam splitting Beam steering Beam waveguides *Beamforming+ ===> Instead use Array signal processing Beams Beam-lead devices *Beam-trapping+ ===> Instead use Self-focusing *Bearing estimation+ ===> Instead use Direction of arrival estimation Bearings (mechanical) Behavioral science Belief maintenance *Belief revision+ ===> Instead use Belief maintenance Beryllium Beryllium alloys Beryllium compounds *Bessel differential equation+ ===> Instead use Bessel functions Bessel filters Bessel functions *Bessel transforms+ ===> Instead use Hankel transforms Beta rays Betatrons Beta-ray detectors Beta-ray effects Beta-ray spectroscopy Beta-ray spectroscopy detectors Bibliographies BiCMOS analog integrated circuits BiCMOS digital integrated circuits BiCMOS integrated circuits BiCMOS memory integrated circuits Biconical antennas Bifurcation Bilinear systems Bilinear transformations BIMOS integrated circuits *Binary arithmetic+ ===> Instead use Digital arithmetic Binary coded decimals Binary sequences *Binary signals+ ===> Instead use Signals Binomial distributions *Bioacoustics+ ===> Instead use Biomedical acoustics Biochemistry *Biocontrol+ ===> Instead use Biological control systems *Biocybernetics+ ===> Instead use Cybernetics Bioelectric phenomena Bioelectric potentials *Biofeedback+ ===> Instead use Biological control systems Biographies Biological cells Biological control systems Biological effects of acoustic radiation Biological effects of electromagnetic radiation *Biological effects of gamma rays+ ===> Instead use Biological effects of nuclear radiation Biological effects of nuclear radiation Biological effects of optical radiation Biological effects of radiation Biological effects of X-rays Biological gases Biological liquids Biological materials *Biological membranes+ ===> Instead use Biomembranes Biological motor systems Biological organs *Biological radiation effects+ ===> Instead use Biological effects of radiation Biological system modeling Biological systems Biological thermal factors Biological tissues Biology Bioluminescence Biomagnetics Biomechanics Biomedical acoustic imaging Biomedical acoustics Biomedical applications of acoustic radiation Biomedical applications of electromagnetic radiation *Biomedical applications of gamma rays+ ===> Instead use Biomedical applications of nuclear radiation Biomedical applications of nuclear radiation Biomedical applications of optical radiation Biomedical applications of radiation Biomedical applications of X-rays Biomedical communication Biomedical computing Biomedical electrodes Biomedical electromagnetic imaging Biomedical engineering Biomedical engineering education Biomedical equipment Biomedical equipment safety *Biomedical gamma-ray imaging+ ===> Instead use Biomedical nuclear imaging Biomedical image processing Biomedical imaging Biomedical impedance imaging Biomedical infrared imaging *Biomedical instruments+ ===> Instead use Biomedical measurements Biomedical laboratories Biomedical magnetic resonance imaging Biomedical materials Biomedical measurements Biomedical microscopy Biomedical monitoring Biomedical nuclear imaging Biomedical optical imaging Biomedical power supplies Biomedical recording Biomedical signal analysis Biomedical signal detection Biomedical signal processing Biomedical telemetry Biomedical transducers *Biomedical ultrasonics+ ===> Instead use Biomedical acoustics Biomedical X-ray imaging Biomembranes *Biomolecular electronics+ ===> Instead use Molecular electronics Biophysics *Biosensors+ ===> Instead use Biomedical transducers *Biotelemetry+ ===> Instead use Biomedical telemetry *Biped locomotion+ ===> Instead use Legged locomotion Bipolar analog integrated circuits Bipolar digital integrated circuits Bipolar integrated circuits Bipolar memory integrated circuits Bipolar transistor amplifiers Bipolar transistor circuits Bipolar transistor logic devices Bipolar transistor oscillators Bipolar transistor switches Bipolar transistors *Bipolar-CMOS integrated circuits+ ===> Instead use BiCMOS integrated circuits Biquadratic filters Biquadratic functions *Birds+ ===> Instead use Animals Birefringence Bismuth Bismuth alloys Bismuth compounds *BIST+ ===> Instead use Self-testing *Bistability (optical)+ ===> Instead use Optical bistability Bistable circuits *Bistatic scattering+ ===> Instead use Multistatic scattering Bit mapped graphics *Bit synchronization+ ===> Instead use Synchronization Blackboard architecture *Bladder+ ===> Instead use Urinary system Bloch lines Block codes Blood Blood flow Blood flow measurement Blood oxygenators Blood pressure Blood pressure measurement Blood pumps Blood vessels Bode diagrams Boilers Bolometer mounts Bolometers Boltzmann equation Boltzmann machines Bonding Bones Book reviews Boolean algebra Boolean functions Booster accelerators Booster injectors Boron Boron alloys Boron compounds Boundary element methods Boundary integral equations Boundary scan testing Boundary value problems Bragg scattering Brain Brain modeling Braking *Breadth first search+ ===> Instead use Tree searching *Breakdown+ ===> Instead use Electric breakdown Bremsstrahlung Bridge circuits Brillouin scattering Broadband amplifiers Broadband communication *Broadband ISDN+ ===> Instead use B-ISDN Broadcast channels Broadcasting Bromine Bromine compounds Brushes Brushless machines Brushless rotating machines Bubble chambers *Bubble domains+ ===> Instead use Magnetic bubble domains Bubbles *Bucket brigade devices+ ===> Instead use Charge transfer devices *Buckminsterfullerene+ ===> Instead use Fullerenes Buffer circuits Buffer memories Buffers *Building acoustics+ ===> Instead use Architectural acoustics *Building automation+ ===> Instead use Building management systems Building management systems Buildings Built-in testing Bulk acoustic wave devices *Bulk memories+ ===> Instead use Mass memories *Bulk power systems+ ===> Instead use Interconnected power systems *Bunched particle beams+ ===> Instead use Particle beam bunching Bundle conductors Buried antennas Buried object detection Burn-in programs Burst correction codes Burst noise Burst switching Bus admittance matrix Bus impedance matrix Bus transfer Busbars *Bushings+ ===> Instead use Insulators Business Business communication Business data processing Business economics Business planning *Business writing+ ===> Instead use Writing Butterworth filters *B-ISDN networks" was used C language Cable insulation Cable shielding Cable TV Cable TV interference Cable TV repeaters Cable TV transmission lines Cables *Cables (mechanical)+ ===> Instead use Mechanical cables Cache memories *CAD+ ===> Instead use Design automation CADCAM Cadmium Cadmium alloys Cadmium compounds *CAE+ ===> Instead use Computer aided engineering Calcium Calcium alloys Calcium compounds Calculators Calculus Calibration Calorimetry *CAM+ ===> Instead use Manufacturing automation CAMAC *Camcorders+ ===> Instead use Video cameras Cameras Cancer Capacitance Capacitance measurement Capacitance transducers Capacitive energy storage Capacitor compensated distribution lines Capacitor compensated transmission lines Capacitor motors Capacitor switching Capacitors *Capillaries+ ===> Instead use Blood vessels Carbon Carbon compounds Carbon dioxide lasers Carbon monoxide lasers Cardiac pacemakers Cardiography Cardiovascular system *Careers+ ===> Instead use Engineering profession *Carrier processes+ ===> Instead use Charge carrier processes Carrier sense multiaccess Cascade circuits Cascade control Cascade systems *CASE+ ===> Instead use Computer aided software engineering Case based reasoning Cassegrain antennas+ ===> Instead use Multireflector antennas Cathodes Cathode-ray oscilloscopes+ ===> Instead use Oscilloscopes Cathode-ray tubes Cathodoluminescence Causality Cavities Cavity perturbation methods Cavity resonator filters Cavity resonators *CCD+ ===> Instead use Charge coupled devices CCIR CCITT CD recording *CDMA+ ===> Instead use Code division multiaccess CD-ROMs *Cell biology+ ===> Instead use Biological cells Cellular automata *Cellular land mobile radio+ ===> Instead use Land mobile radio cellular systems Cellular logic Cellular logic arrays Cellular neural networks *CELP+ ===> Instead use Linear predictive coding Cement industry Centralized control Cepstral analysis Ceramic capacitors Ceramic insulation Ceramic insulators Ceramics Ceramics industry Cerebellar model arithmetic computers *Cerebellar model articulation controllers+ ===> Instead use Cerebellar model arithmetic computers Cerenkov detectors *Cerenkov lasers+ ===> Instead use Free electron lasers Cerenkov radiation Cerium Cerium alloys Cerium compounds *Cermets+ ===> Instead use Ceramics Certification Cesium Cesium alloys Cesium compounds *Chalcogenide glasses+ ===> Instead use Amorphous semiconductors Channel bank filters *Channel capacity+ ===> Instead use Information rates Channel coding *Channel waveguides+ ===> Instead use Optical strip waveguides Chaos Character generation Character recognition Charge carrier density Charge carrier lifetime Charge carrier mobility Charge carrier processes Charge carrier waves Charge coupled devices Charge coupled image sensors Charge injection Charge injection devices Charge injection image sensors Charge measurement *Charge priming devices+ ===> Instead use Charge transfer devices Charge transfer Charge transfer devices Charge transfer image sensors Chebyshev approximation Chebyshev filters Chebyshev functions Chemical analysis Chemical industry Chemical lasers *Chemical technology+ ===> Instead use Chemical industry Chemical transducers *Chemical vapor deposition+ ===> Instead use CVD Chemistry Chest imaging Children Chinese and Japanese characters Chiral media Chirowaveguides Chirp modulation Chirp radar Chlorine Chlorine compounds *Chokes+ ===> Instead use Inductors Choppers Chromatography Chromium Chromium alloys Chromium compounds *Chromosomes+ ===> Instead use Biological cells Chua circuit *CID+ ===> Instead use Charge injection devices *CIM+ ===> Instead use Computer integrated manufacturing Circuit analysis *Circuit boards+ ===> Instead use Printed circuits Circuit breaker testing Circuit breakers *Circuit complexity+ ===> Instead use Complexity theory *Circuit design+ ===> Instead use Circuit synthesis *Circuit design (CAD)+ ===> Instead use Design automation *Circuit design (integrated circuit)+ ===> Instead use Integrated circuit design *Circuit design (logic)+ ===> Instead use Logic design Circuit functions Circuit modeling Circuit noise Circuit optimization Circuit reliability *Circuit sensitivity analysis+ ===> Instead use Sensitivity Circuit simulation Circuit stability Circuit switching (communication systems) Circuit synthesis Circuit testing *Circuit tolerance analysis+ ===> Instead use Tolerance analysis Circuit topology Circuit transient analysis Circuit tuning Circuits Circular arrays Circular waveguides Circulators *Circulatory system+ ===> Instead use Cardiovascular system Client-server systems *Climate+ ===> Instead use Meteorology *Clinical laboratories+ ===> Instead use Biomedical laboratories *Clock synchronization+ ===> Instead use Synchronization Clocks Closed loop systems Clouds Clustering methods Clutter *CMAC+ ===> Instead use Cerebellar model arithmetic computers *CML+ ===> Instead use Current mode logic CMOS analog integrated circuits CMOS digital integrated circuits CMOS integrated circuits CMOS memory integrated circuits CMOSFET amplifiers CMOSFET circuits CMOSFET logic devices CMOSFET oscillators CMOSFET power amplifiers CMOSFET switches CMOSFETs Coal Coatings Coaxial aperture antennas Coaxial components Coaxial connectors Coaxial couplers Coaxial resonators Coaxial transmission line discontinuities Coaxial transmission lines Coaxial waveguides Cobalt Cobalt alloys Cobalt compounds Cochannel interference Code converters Code division multiaccess Code division multiplexing *Code excited linear prediction+ ===> Instead use Linear predictive coding Codecs *Coder-decoders+ ===> Instead use Codecs Codes *Coding+ ===> Instead use Encoding Coercive force Cogeneration Cognitive science Coilgun power supplies Coilguns Coils Coincidence circuits Cold cathode tubes Collaborative work Colliding beam devices Collision processes Color *Color center lasers+ ===> Instead use Solid lasers Color graphics Color measurement *Color TV+ ===> Instead use TV Comb filters Combinational logic circuit fault diagnosis Combinational logic circuit fault tolerance Combinational logic circuit testing Combinational logic circuits Combinatorial mathematics *COMFET+ ===> Instead use Insulated gate bipolar transistors Command and control systems Command languages *Commerce+ ===> Instead use Business *Commercial power systems+ ===> Instead use Industrial power systems Communicating sequential processes Communication SN Use only when the nature or content of the communication is considered Communication aids *Communication cables+ ===> Instead use Wire communication cables *Communication cables (optical)+ ===> Instead use Optical fiber cables Communication channels *Communication complexity+ ===> Instead use Complexity theory Communication engineering education Communication equipment Communication equipment testing Communication industry *Communication networks+ ===> Instead use Communication systems *Communication protocols+ ===> Instead use Protocols *Communication satellites+ ===> Instead use Satellite communication Communication standards Communication switching Communication system control Communication system economics Communication system fault diagnosis Communication system fault tolerance Communication system interfaces Communication system maintenance Communication system nonlinearities Communication system operations and management Communication system performance Communication system planning Communication system power supplies *Communication system privacy+ ===> Instead use Communication system security Communication system reliability Communication system routing Communication system security Communication system signaling Communication system software Communication system traffic Communication systems Communication terminals Commutated circuits Commutatorless DC motors *Compact disk read only memories+ ===> Instead use CD-ROMs *Compact disk systems+ ===> Instead use CD recording Companding Comparators Compensation Compilers (silicon) *Compilers (program)+ ===> Instead use Program compilers Complementary circuits *Complementary MOS+ ===> Instead use CMOSFETs Complexity theory Compliance control Composite insulation *Composite media+ ===> Instead use Nonhomogeneous media *Composite systems+ ===> Instead use Interconnected systems Compressed air energy storage Compressors Compton scattering Compulsators Computation theory Computation time *Computational complexity+ ===> Instead use Complexity theory Computational geometry Computer aided analysis *Computer aided design+ ===> Instead use Design automation Computer aided engineering Computer aided instruction *Computer aided manufacturing+ ===> Instead use Manufacturing automation Computer aided software engineering *Computer animation+ ===> Instead use Animation Computer applications Computer architecture *Computer arithmetic+ ===> Instead use Digital arithmetic *Computer automated measurement and control+ ===> Instead use CAMAC *Computer buses+ ===> Instead use Data buses *Computer control+ ===> Instead use Digital control Computer crime Computer displays *Computer documentation+ ===> Instead use Documentation Computer economics *Computer engineering education+ ===> Instead use Computer science education Computer facilities Computer fault diagnosis Computer fault tolerance Computer graphics *Computer graphics languages+ ===> Instead use Visual languages Computer graphics software Computer industry Computer input-output Computer instructions Computer integrated manufacturing Computer interface human factors Computer interfaces SN For human interfaces, see "User interfaces" Computer languages Computer maintenance *Computer music+ ===> Instead use Music Computer network management Computer network performance Computer network reliability Computer network security Computer networks *Computer operating systems+ ===> Instead use Operating systems Computer performance Computer peripherals *Computer pipeline processing+ ===> Instead use Pipeline processing Computer power supplies *Computer programming+ ===> Instead use Programming *Computer programming profession+ ===> Instead use Programming profession Computer reliability Computer science Computer science education Computer security *Computer software+ ===> Instead use Software *Computer terminals+ ===> Instead use Computer peripherals Computer testing Computer viruses *Computer vision+ ===> Instead use Machine vision Computers Concatenated coding Concurrency control Concurrent engineering Conducting bodies Conducting films Conducting liquids Conducting materials *Conducting strips+ ===> Instead use Strip conductors Conductivity Conductivity measurement Conductors Cones *Conferences+ ===> Instead use Meetings Conformal antennas Conformance testing Conical antennas Conjugate gradient methods Connectors Consecutive system reliability Construction industry Consumer electronics Consumer products Contact mechanical factors SN Use for electrical contacts only Contact resistance Contactors Contacts *Content addressable memories+ ===> Instead use Associative memories Continued fractions Continuing education Continuous phase modulation Continuous time filters Continuous time systems Contracts Control cables Control engineering Control engineering education Control equipment Control system human factors Control systems Controllability Convergence of numerical methods Converters Conveyors Convolution Convolutional codes Convolvers Cooling Cooperative systems *Cooperative work+ ===> Instead use Collaborative work *Coplanar strip+ ===> Instead use Coplanar transmission lines Coplanar transmission lines Coplanar waveguides Copper Copper alloys Copper compounds Coprocessors Copyright protection Cordless telephone systems *Cores+ ===> Instead use Magnetic cores Corona Correlation *Correlation detection+ ===> Instead use Correlators Correlators Corrosion Corrosion testing Corrugated antennas Corrugated horn antennas Corrugated surfaces Corrugated waveguides Cosine transforms Cosmic rays radiation effects" was used Cost optimal control *Costas arrays+ ===> Instead use Permutation matrices Costas loops Costs *Counters+ ===> Instead use Radiation detectors Counting circuits Coupled mode analysis Coupled transmission lines Couplers SN Use for physical device only *Coupling+ ===> Instead use Electromagnetic coupling Coupling circuits Courseware Covariance analysis Covariance factorization Covariance functions Covariance matrices *CPM+ ===> Instead use Continuous phase modulation *CPW+ ===> Instead use Coplanar waveguides Crack detection *Crops+ ===> Instead use Agriculture *Cross entropy minimization+ ===> Instead use Minimum entropy methods Cross linked insulation Cross linked polyethylene insulation Cross modulation distortion Crossed field devices Crosstalk *CRT+ ===> Instead use Cathode-ray tubes Cryogenic electronics Cryogenics Cryptography *Crystal filters+ ===> Instead use Piezoelectric resonator filters Crystal growth *Crystal oscillators+ ===> Instead use Piezoelectric resonator oscillators *Crystal resonators+ ===> Instead use Piezoelectric resonators Crystals *CSMA+ ===> Instead use Carrier sense multiaccess *CSP+ ===> Instead use Communicating sequential processes *Cumulants+ ===> Instead use Higher order statistics Current Current comparators Current control Current conveyors Current density Current distribution Current limiters Current measurement *Current measurement (water)+ ===> Instead use Sea measurements Current mode logic *Current regulation+ ===> Instead use Current control Current supplies Current transformers Curve fitting *Curved waveguides+ ===> Instead use Waveguide bends *Custom integrated circuits+ ===> Instead use Application specific integrated circuits Cutting CVD CW lasers CW radar Cybernetics Cyclic codes Cyclic reservation multiaccess *Cycloconverters+ ===> Instead use AC-AC power conversion Cyclotron radiation Cyclotron resonance Cyclotrons Cylinders Cylindrical antennas Cylindrical arrays *Cylindrical magnetic domains+ ===> Instead use Magnetic bubble domains *Cylindrical waveguides+ ===> Instead use Circular waveguides DAMA+ ===> Instead use Demand assigned multiaccess Data acquisition Data buses Data communication Data compression Data conversion Data flow analysis Data flow computing Data flow graphs Data handling Data management Data models Data processing Data security Data structures Data transmission+ ===> Instead use Data communication Database concurrency operations Database fault tolerance Database languages Database machines Database management systems Database query processing Database reliability Database scheduling Database searching Database systems DBS+ ===> Instead use Satellite broadcasting DC amplifiers DC circuit breakers DC generators DC machines DC measurements+ ===> Instead use Electric variables measurement DC motor drives DC motor protection DC motors DC power systems DC power transmission DCT+ ===> Instead use Discrete cosine transforms DC-AC power conversion DC-DC power conversion Deadlocks (computers)+ ===> Instead use Concurrency control Deadlocks (computers)+ ===> Instead use System recovery Decentralized control+ ===> Instead use Distributed control Decision feedback communication+ ===> Instead use Feedback communication Decision feedback equalizers Decision support systems Decision-making Decoding Deconvolution Decorrelation Decoupling of systems Deductive databases Defibrillators Definitions+ ===> Instead use Terminology Deformation+ ===> Instead use Strain Delaunay triangulation+ ===> Instead use Mesh generation Delay circuits Delay effects Delay equalizers Delay estimation Delay filters Delay lines Delay lock loops Delay systems Delta modulation Demand assigned multiaccess Demodulation terms (now under "Modulation") was used Demodulators+ ===> Instead use Demodulation Demography Demultiplexing Density measurement Dentistry Depth first search+ ===> Instead use Tree searching Describing functions Descriptor systems+ ===> Instead use Singular systems Desert regions Design automation Design centering Design for testability Design methodology Desktop publishing Detection (demodulation)+ ===> Instead use Demodulation Detection (signal)+ ===> Instead use Signal detection Detectors Determinants Deterministic algorithms Deuterium Deuterium compounds Deuterons+ ===> Instead use Ions Developing nations Dexterous manipulators DFT+ ===> Instead use Discrete Fourier transforms Diacs+ ===> Instead use Thyristors Diagnosis (fault)+ ===> Instead use Fault diagnosis Diagnosis (medical)+ ===> Instead use Medical diagnosis Diagnostic expert systems SN See "Medical expert systems" for medical diagnosis applications Diagnostic reasoning Diakoptics+ ===> Instead use Circuit topology Diamond Diathermy+ ===> Instead use Hyperthermia Dichroic reflectors+ ===> Instead use Frequency selective surfaces Die attach+ ===> Instead use Microassembly Die bonding+ ===> Instead use Microassembly Dielectric antennas Dielectric bodies Dielectric breakdown Dielectric devices Dielectric films Dielectric heating Dielectric hysteresis Dielectric liquids Dielectric loaded antennas Dielectric loaded waveguides Dielectric losses Dielectric materials Dielectric measurements Dielectric polarization Dielectric radiation effects Dielectric resonator filters Dielectric resonator oscillators Dielectric resonators Dielectric strength+ ===> Instead use Dielectric breakdown Dielectric thermal factors Dielectric waveguides Diesel driven generators Diesel engines Difference equations Differential amplifiers Differential analyzers Differential equations Differential games Differential geometry Differential phase shift keying Differential pulse code modulation Differential Riccati equations Differential transformers Differentiating circuits Differentiation (mathematics) Diffraction Diffusion equations Diffusion processes Digestive system Digital arithmetic Digital audio broadcasting Digital circuits Digital communication Digital control Digital filter stability+ ===> Instead use Digital filter wordlength effects Digital filter wordlength effects Digital filters Digital image processing+ ===> Instead use Image processing Digital integrated circuits Digital magnetic recording Digital measurements Digital modulation Digital radio Digital recording Digital sequences+ ===> Instead use Sequences Digital signal processors Digital signals+ ===> Instead use Signals Digital system fault diagnosis Digital system fault tolerance Digital system testing Digital systems Digital transmission+ ===> Instead use Digital communication Digital TV Digital-analog conversion Dining philosophers problem+ ===> Instead use Concurrency control Diode lasers+ ===> Instead use Semiconductor lasers Diodes Diplexers Dipole antennas Dipole arrays Direct broadcast satellites+ ===> Instead use Satellite broadcasting Direct sequence spread spectrum communication+ ===> Instead use Pseudonoise coded communication Direct sequence spread spectrum radar+ ===> Instead use Spread spectrum radar Directed graphs Direction of arrival estimation Directional antennas+ ===> Instead use Directive antennas Directional couplers Direction-finding+ ===> Instead use Navigation Directive antennas Disarmament+ ===> Instead use Arms control Discharges+ ===> Instead use Gas discharges Disconnecting switches Discontinuities Discontinuous systems+ ===> Instead use Jump parameter systems Discrete cosine transforms Discrete event simulation Discrete event systems Discrete Fourier transforms Discrete Hartley transforms Discrete Hilbert transforms Discrete Radon transforms Discrete time filters Discrete time Riccati equations Discrete time signals+ ===> Instead use Signals Discrete time systems Discrete transforms Diseases Disk drives Disk recording Disks Dispatching Dispersed storage and generation Dispersive channels Dispersive media Displacement control Displacement measurement Display human factors Displays Dissipative circuits+ ===> Instead use Lossy circuits Dissipative media+ ===> Instead use Absorbing media Dissipative systems+ ===> Instead use Lossy systems Distance measurement Distance relays+ ===> Instead use Protective relaying Distortion Distributed algorithms Distributed amplifiers Distributed antennas+ ===> Instead use Antenna arrays Distributed arithmetic Distributed Bragg reflector lasers Distributed computing Distributed control Distributed database concurrency operations Distributed database fault tolerance Distributed database management systems Distributed database query processing Distributed database reliability Distributed database scheduling Distributed database searching Distributed database systems Distributed databases Distributed decision-making Distributed detection Distributed estimation Distributed feedback devices Distributed feedback lasers Distributed feedback oscillators Distributed information systems Distributed memories Distributed memory systems Distributed operating systems+ ===> Instead use Network operating systems Distributed parameter circuits Distributed parameter filters Distributed parameter systems Distributed tracking Distribution functions+ ===> Instead use Probability Distribution of electric power+ ===> Instead use Power distribution Dither techniques Diversity methods Diving equipment+ ===> Instead use Underwater work systems Division DM+ ===> Instead use Delta modulation DNA DOA estimation+ ===> Instead use Direction of arrival estimation Document delivery Document handling Document image processing were used Documentation Domains+ ===> Instead use Magnetic domains Domestic appliances+ ===> Instead use Home appliances Doping Doppler effect Doppler measurements Doppler radar Dosimetry DPCM+ ===> Instead use Differential pulse code modulation DPSK+ ===> Instead use Differential phase shift keying DRAM chips Drift chambers+ ===> Instead use Ionization chambers Drilling+ ===> Instead use Materials processing Driver circuits Driver information systems Drivers+ ===> Instead use Driver circuits Drives Driving point functions+ ===> Instead use Circuit functions DRO+ ===> Instead use Dielectric resonator oscillators Drug delivery systems Drugs Dual codes Dual reflector antennas+ ===> Instead use Multireflector antennas Duality Duplexers Dye lasers Dyes Dynamic programming Dynamic response Dynamic stability+ ===> Instead use Power system dynamic stability Dynamics Dysprosium Dysprosium alloys Dysprosium compounds EAROM+ ===> Instead use EPROM Earphones+ ===> Instead use Headphones Ears+ ===> Instead use Auditory system Earth Earth atmosphere+ ===> Instead use Terrestrial atmosphere Earthquakes Earth-ionosphere waveguide ECCM+ ===> Instead use Electronic countermeasures ECG+ ===> Instead use Electrocardiography Echo interference Echo suppression Echocardiography Echoencephalography ECL+ ===> Instead use Emitter coupled logic ECM+ ===> Instead use Electronic countermeasures Ecology+ ===> Instead use Environmental factors Economic dispatch+ ===> Instead use Power generation dispatch Economics Eddy current testing Eddy currents EDTV+ ===> Instead use HDTV Education Educational technology Educational TV EEG+ ===> Instead use Electroencephalography EEPROM+ ===> Instead use EPROM Effort optimal control+ ===> Instead use Minimum effort control EGG+ ===> Instead use Electroglottography EHV cables+ ===> Instead use EHV transmission lines EHV circuit breakers EHV insulation EHV insulators EHV measurements EHV substations EHV transformers EHV transmission EHV transmission lines Eigenfunctions+ ===> Instead use Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Eigenstructure assignment Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Eigenvectors+ ===> Instead use Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Electrets Electric automobiles+ ===> Instead use Road vehicle electric propulsion Electric breakdown Electric control equipment Electric discharge pumping Electric field effects Electric field measurement Electric fields Electric heating+ ===> Instead use Resistance heating Electric machines Electric power+ ===> Instead use Power systems Electric shock Electric utilities+ ===> Instead use Power industry Electric variables Electric variables control Electric variables measurement Electrical contacts+ ===> Instead use Contacts Electrical engineering Electrical engineering education Electrical equipment enclosures Electrical equipment industry Electrical insulation+ ===> Instead use Insulation Electrically alterable read only memory+ ===> Instead use EPROM Electrically erasable programmable read only memory+ ===> Instead use EPROM Electroabsorption Electroacoustic correlators+ ===> Instead use Acoustoelectric correlators Electroacoustic delay lines+ ===> Instead use Acoustoelectric delay lines Electroacoustic devices+ ===> Instead use Acoustoelectric devices Electroacoustic effects+ ===> Instead use Acoustoelectric effects Electroacoustic transducers+ ===> Instead use Acoustoelectric transducers Electrobiology+ ===> Instead use Bioelectric phenomena Electrocardiography Electrochemical analysis Electrochemical devices Electrochemical electrodes Electrochemical processes Electrochromic devices Electrochromic displays Electrochromic windows+ ===> Instead use Electrochromic devices Electrochromism Electrodes Electrodynamics Electroencephalography Electroexplosive devices Electroglottography Electrohydraulics Electroluminescence Electroluminescent devices Electrolysis+ ===> Instead use Electrochemical processes Electrolytic capacitors Electromagnet power supplies Electromagnetic analysis Electromagnetic atmospheric interference Electromagnetic beams+ ===> Instead use Beams Electromagnetic capacitive interference+ ===> Instead use Electromagnetic reactive interference Electromagnetic compatibility Electromagnetic conductive interference Electromagnetic coupling Electromagnetic diffraction Electromagnetic engineering education Electromagnetic fields Electromagnetic forces Electromagnetic guns+ ===> Instead use Electromagnetic launching Electromagnetic heating Electromagnetic induction Electromagnetic inductive interference+ ===> Instead use Electromagnetic reactive interference Electromagnetic interference Electromagnetic launching Electromagnetic launching power supplies Electromagnetic measurements Electromagnetic noise+ ===> Instead use Electromagnetic interference Electromagnetic propagation Electromagnetic propagation in absorbing media Electromagnetic propagation in anisotropic media Electromagnetic propagation in dispersive media Electromagnetic propagation in magnetic media Electromagnetic propagation in nonhomogeneous media Electromagnetic propagation in nonlinear media Electromagnetic propagation in nonreciprocal media+ ===> Instead use Nonreciprocal wave propagation Electromagnetic propagation in plasma media Electromagnetic propagation in random media Electromagnetic propulsion+ ===> Instead use Electromagnetic launching Electromagnetic pulse+ ===> Instead use EMP radiation effects Electromagnetic pulse propagation+ ===> Instead use Electromagnetic transient propagation Electromagnetic pulse scattering+ ===> Instead use Electromagnetic transient scattering Electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic radiation effects Electromagnetic radiative interference Electromagnetic reactive interference Electromagnetic reflection Electromagnetic refraction Electromagnetic scattering Electromagnetic scattering by absorbing media Electromagnetic scattering by anisotropic media Electromagnetic scattering by dispersive media Electromagnetic scattering by magnetic media Electromagnetic scattering by nonhomogeneous media Electromagnetic scattering by nonlinear media Electromagnetic scattering by periodic structures Electromagnetic scattering by plasma media Electromagnetic scattering by random media Electromagnetic scattering by rough surfaces Electromagnetic scattering inverse problems Electromagnetic shielding Electromagnetic surface waves Electromagnetic tomography Electromagnetic transient analysis Electromagnetic transient propagation Electromagnetic transient scattering Electromagnets Electromechanical effects Electromigration Electromyography Electron accelerators Electron beam applications Electron beam deflection Electron beam focusing Electron beam lithography Electron beam pumping Electron beam semiconductor devices Electron beams Electron carriers+ ===> Instead use Charge carrier processes Electron cyclotron resonance+ ===> Instead use Cyclotron resonance Electron detectors Electron emission Electron guns Electron injection+ ===> Instead use Charge injection Electron lenses Electron linear accelerators Electron microscopy Electron multipliers Electron optics Electron radiation effects Electron rectifiers Electron rings+ ===> Instead use Electron storage rings Electron sources Electron spectroscopy Electron spectroscopy detectors Electron spin resonance+ ===> Instead use Magnetic resonance Electron storage rings Electron synchrotrons Electron tubes Electronic books+ ===> Instead use Electronic publishing Electronic countermeasures Electronic counter-countermeasures+ ===> Instead use Electronic countermeasures Electronic data interchange Electronic equipment Electronic equipment manufacture Electronic equipment testing Electronic journals+ ===> Instead use Electronic publishing Electronic mail Electronic publishing Electronic switching systems Electronic warfare Electronics Electronics engineering education Electronics industry Electrons Electrooculography Electrooptic deflectors Electrooptic devices Electrooptic effects Electrooptic filters Electrooptic Kerr effect Electrooptic measurements Electrooptic memories Electrooptic modulation Electrooptic switches Electrooptic transducers Electrophoresis Electrophotography Electrophotoluminescence+ ===> Instead use Photoluminescence Electroprinting Electrostatic accelerators Electrostatic analysis Electrostatic devices Electrostatic discharges Electrostatic focusing Electrostatic induction Electrostatic interference Electrostatic lenses Electrostatic measurements Electrostatic precipitators Electrostatic processes Electrostriction Electrothermal effects Electrothermal launching Electrothermal launching power supplies Elementary particles Elevated antennas+ ===> Instead use Antenna proximity factors Elevators Ellipsoids Ellipsometers+ ===> Instead use Ellipsometry Ellipsometry Elliptic filters Elliptical waveguides EMC+ ===> Instead use Electromagnetic compatibility Emergency power generators+ ===> Instead use Standby generators Emergency power supplies Emergency services EMG+ ===> Instead use Electromyography EMI+ ===> Instead use Electromagnetic interference Emission Emitter coupled logic EMP radiation effects Employment EMS+ ===> Instead use Medical services Enamel insulated wires Encapsulation Encephalography Enclosures (electrical equipment)+ ===> Instead use Electrical equipment enclosures Encoding Endfire antennas Endocrine system+ ===> Instead use Biochemistry Energy conservation Energy conversion Energy management Energy measurement Energy optimal control+ ===> Instead use Minimum energy control Energy resources Energy storage Engineering Engineering drawings Engineering education Engineering management+ ===> Instead use Research and development management Engineering profession Engineering societies Engineering writing+ ===> Instead use Writing Engines Entropy Entropy codes Envelope detection Environmental factors Environmental radiation effects Environmental testing Enzymes+ ===> Instead use Biochemistry EOG+ ===> Instead use Electrooculography Epidemiology Epitaxial growth Epitaxial layers Epoxy resin insulation Epoxy resin insulators insulators" were used Epoxy resins Epr spectroscopy+ ===> Instead use Magnetic resonance spectroscopy EPROM Equalizers Equations Equatorial regions+ ===> Instead use Tropical regions Equiripple filters Equivalent circuits Erasable programmable read only memory+ ===> Instead use EPROM Erbium Erbium alloys Erbium compounds Ergonomics Error analysis Error compensation Error control coding+ ===> Instead use Error correction coding Error correction Error correction coding Error detection coding Error estimation+ ===> Instead use Error analysis Error recovery (computers)+ ===> Instead use System recovery Error statistics+ ===> Instead use Error analysis ESCA+ ===> Instead use Spectrochemical analysis ESD+ ===> Instead use Electrostatic discharges ESR+ ===> Instead use Magnetic resonance Estimation Etching Ethics Ethylene-propylene materials Ethylene-propylene rubber Europium Europium alloys Europium compounds Evidential reasoning+ ===> Instead use CASE based reasoning Evoked potentials+ ===> Instead use Bioelectric potentials Exception handling Excimer lasers Excitation of lasers+ ===> Instead use Laser excitation Excitation of waveguides+ ===> Instead use Waveguide excitation Excitation systems+ ===> Instead use AC generator excitation Excitons Executive programs+ ===> Instead use Operating systems Exercise Expert system shells Expert systems Explanation Explosions Explosive opening switches+ ===> Instead use Electroexplosive devices Exponential distributions Exponential stability+ ===> Instead use Asymptotic stability Exponentiation Extended definition TV+ ===> Instead use HDTV Extracted beams+ ===> Instead use Particle beam extraction Extrapolation Extraterrestrial atmospheres+ ===> Instead use Planetary atmospheres Extraterrestrial exploration Extraterrestrial measurements Extraterrestrial phenomena Extraterrestrial plasmas Extraterrestrial radiation effects Extraterrestrial radio sources Extra-high-voltage circuit breakers+ ===> Instead use EHV circuit breakers Extra-high-voltage insulation+ ===> Instead use EHV insulation Extra-high-voltage insulators+ ===> Instead use EHV insulators Extra-high-voltage measurements+ ===> Instead use EHV measurements Extra-high-voltage substations+ ===> Instead use EHV substations Extra-high-voltage transformers+ ===> Instead use EHV transformers Extra-high-voltage transmission+ ===> Instead use EHV transmission Extra-high-voltage transmission lines+ ===> Instead use EHV transmission lines Extreme value distributions Eyeglass lenses+ ===> Instead use Ophthalmic lenses Eyes+ ===> Instead use Visual system Fabrication SN Use for noncommercial processes only. SN For commercial manufacture, use Manufacturing. Fabry-Perot interferometers Fabry-Perot resonators Face recognition Facsimile Factory automation+ ===> Instead use Manufacturing automation Fading channels Failure analysis Fan filters+ ===> Instead use Multidimensional digital filters Fans+ ===> Instead use Ventilation Faraday effect Farming Fast Fourier transforms+ ===> Instead use Discrete Fourier transforms Fast transforms+ ===> Instead use Discrete transforms FASTBUS Fatigue Fault current limiters Fault currents Fault diagnosis Fault location Fault tolerance Fault trees FDDI FDM+ ===> Instead use Frequency division multiplexing FDMA+ ===> Instead use Frequency division multiaccess FDTD methods Feature extraction Feedback Feedback amplifiers Feedback circuits Feedback communication Feedback lasers Feedback systems Feedforward amplifiers Feedforward neural networks Feedforward systems Feeds Fermat transforms+ ===> Instead use Number theoretic transforms Ferrimagnetic films Ferrimagnetic materials Ferrite circulators Ferrite devices Ferrite films Ferrite filters Ferrite isolators Ferrite loaded resonators Ferrite loaded waveguides Ferrite phase shifters Ferrite waveguides Ferrites Ferroelectric capacitors materials/devices" were used Ferroelectric devices Ferroelectric displays Ferroelectric films Ferroelectric hysteresis+ ===> Instead use Dielectric hysteresis Ferroelectric materials Ferroelectric memories Ferroelectric semiconductors Ferromagnetic materials Ferromagnetic resonance+ ===> Instead use Magnetic resonance Ferroresonance Ferroresonant circuits FET amplifiers FET analog integrated circuits FET circuits FET digital integrated circuits FET integrated circuits FET logic devices FET memory integrated circuits FET oscillators FET switches FETs Fetuses+ ===> Instead use Obstetrics FFT+ ===> Instead use Discrete Fourier transforms Fiber distributed data interface+ ===> Instead use FDDI Fiber optics+ ===> Instead use Optical fibers or terms beginning "Optical fiber..." Field buses Field effect transistors+ ===> Instead use FETs Field electron emission+ ===> Instead use Electron emission Field ion emission+ ===> Instead use Ion emission Field programmable gate arrays Fields (algebraic) File servers File systems Films Filter distortion Filter noise Filtering SN Use for filtering theory. Filters Finance Financial data processing Fingerprint identification Fingers+ ===> Instead use Dexterous manipulators Finite automata Finite difference methods Finite difference time domain methods+ ===> Instead use FDTD methods Finite duration impulse response digital filters+ ===> Instead use FIR digital filters Finite element methods Finite state machines Finite wordlength effects Finline Finline circuits Finline components Finline couplers Finline discontinuities Finline filters Finline resonators Finline transitions FIR digital filter stability+ ===> Instead use Digital filter wordlength effects FIR digital filters Fire control systems Fires Firmware+ ===> Instead use Microprogramming Fish+ ===> Instead use Marine animals Fisheries+ ===> Instead use Aquaculture Fission reactor accidents+ ===> Instead use Fission reactor safety Fission reactor control and monitoring Fission reactor cooling and heat recovery Fission reactor measurements Fission reactor operation Fission reactor safety Fission reactors Fixed point arithmetic Flames+ ===> Instead use Fires Flashover Flat panel displays Flaw detection Flexible manufacturing systems Flexible structures Flight control+ ===> Instead use Aerospace control Flight simulation+ ===> Instead use Aerospace simulation Flip-chip devices Flip-flop memories Flip-flops Floating point arithmetic Floppy disks Flow+ ===> Instead use Fluid flow Flow control Flow graphs Flow networks+ ===> Instead use Networks Flowcharts Fluid dynamics+ ===> Instead use Hydrodynamics Fluid flow Fluid flow control Fluid flow measurement Fluidics Fluids Fluorescence Fluorescence spectroscopy Fluorescent lamps Fluorine Fluorine compounds Flush mounted antennas+ ===> Instead use Conformal antennas Flux measurement (magnetic)+ ===> Instead use Magnetic field measurement Flywheels FM+ ===> Instead use Frequency modulation FM distortion FM noise FM radar FMR+ ===> Instead use Magnetic resonance Focusing Fokker-Planck equations Food industry Force Force control Force measurement Forecasting Forestry Formal languages Formal logic+ ===> Instead use Logic Formula manipulation+ ===> Instead use Symbol manipulation FORTRAN Forward error correction Fossil fuel power generation+ ===> Instead use Thermal power generation Fossil fuels+ ===> Instead use Fuels Fourier series Fourier spectroscopy Fourier transforms Fourier-Bessel transforms+ ===> Instead use Hankel transforms FPGA+ ===> Instead use Field programmable gate arrays Fractals Frame relay Frame synchronization Fredholm integral equations Free electron lasers Frequency Frequency allocation+ ===> Instead use Radio spectrum management Frequency control Frequency conversion Frequency division+ ===> Instead use Frequency conversion Frequency division multiaccess Frequency division multiplexing Frequency domain analysis Frequency domain synthesis Frequency estimation Frequency hop communication Frequency hop radar+ ===> Instead use Spread spectrum radar Frequency independent antennas+ ===> Instead use Log periodic antennas Frequency locked loops Frequency measurement Frequency modulation Frequency multiplication+ ===> Instead use Frequency conversion Frequency regulation+ ===> Instead use Frequency control Frequency response Frequency selective surfaces Frequency shift keying Frequency stability Frequency synthesizers Friction FSK+ ===> Instead use Frequency shift keying Fuel cells Fuel optimal control Fuel rate control+ ===> Instead use Fuel optimal control Fuels Fullerene compounds Fullerenes Function generators+ ===> Instead use Signal generators Functional analysis Functional languages Functional programming Functions Furnaces Fuses Fusion power generation Fusion power generation safety Fusion reactors Fuzzy control Fuzzy logic Fuzzy neural networks Fuzzy sets Fuzzy systems Gadolinium Gadolinium alloys Gadolinium compounds Gain control Gain measurement Gait assessment+ ===> Instead use Legged locomotion Galaxies Galerkin method Gallium Gallium alloys Gallium compounds Galois fields Galvanomagnetism+ ===> Instead use Magnetoelectric effects Game theory Games Gamma distributions Gamma rays Gamma-ray astronomy Gamma-ray astronomy detectors Gamma-ray detectors Gamma-ray effects Gamma-ray imaging+ ===> Instead use Nuclear imaging Gamma-ray spectroscopy Gamma-ray spectroscopy detectors Garbage collection (computers)+ ===> Instead use Memory management Garnet films Garnets Gas blast circuit breakers Gas blast interrupters Gas bubbles+ ===> Instead use Bubbles Gas circuit breakers Gas detectors Gas discharge devices Gas discharge displays Gas discharges Gas flow+ ===> Instead use Fluid flow Gas industry+ ===> Instead use Natural gas industry Gas insulated substations Gas insulated switchgear Gas insulated transformers Gas insulation Gas interrupters Gas lasers Gas leak detection Gas turbines Gases Gateways+ ===> Instead use Network servers Gaussian beams Gaussian channels Gaussian distributions Gaussian noise Gaussian processes Gauss-Seidel method Gears Geiger counters GEMFET+ ===> Instead use Insulated gate bipolar transistors Generalized functions Generation of electric power+ ===> Instead use Power generation Generators Genetic algorithms Genetics Geodesy Geographic information systems Geologic measurements Geology Geomagnetism Geometric modeling Geometric programming Geometric reasoning+ ===> Instead use Spatial reasoning Geometrical optics Geometrical theory of diffraction Geometry Geometry codes Geophysical inverse problems Geophysical measurements Geophysical signal processing Geophysical tomography Geophysics Geothermal energy Geothermal power generation Geriatrics Germanium Germanium alloys Germanium compounds Germanium radiation detectors Gettering Getters+ ===> Instead use Gettering Giant magnetoresistance Glass SN For semiconductor glasses, use "Amorphous semiconductors" Glass ceramics+ ===> Instead use Ceramics Glass industry Global Positioning System Glossaries+ ===> Instead use Terminology Glow discharge devices Glow discharges Golay codes Gold Gold alloys Gold compounds Goppa codes Government information systems Governmental factors Governors GPS+ ===> Instead use Global Positioning System Graded index optics Gradient index optics+ ===> Instead use Graded index optics Gradient methods Grammars+ ===> Instead use Languages Graph theory Graphical user interfaces Graphics Graphite Gratings Gravity measurement Gray codes Green functions Gregorian reflector antennas+ ===> Instead use Multireflector antennas GRIN lenses+ ===> Instead use Graded index optics GRIN optics+ ===> Instead use Graded index optics Gripping+ ===> Instead use Dexterous manipulators Ground support Ground transportation+ ===> Instead use Land transportation Ground vehicles+ ===> Instead use Land vehicles Ground wave propagation Grounding Grounding electrodes Group codes Group theory Groupware+ ===> Instead use Collaborative work GTD+ ===> Instead use Geometrical theory of diffraction Guaranteed cost control+ ===> Instead use Cost optimal control Guided radio Guideway transportation Guideway transportation communication Guideway transportation control systems Guideway transportation electrical systems+ ===> Instead use Guideway transportation power systems Guideway transportation electronics Guideway transportation maintenance Guideway transportation power systems Guideway transportation propulsion Guideway transportation reliability Guideway transportation testing Gunn device amplifiers Gunn device oscillators Gunn devices Guns+ ===> Instead use Weapons Gynecology Gyrators Gyroklystrons+ ===> Instead use Klystrons Gyromagnetism Gyroscopes Gyrotrons Gyrotropism Haar transforms Hacking+ ===> Instead use Computer crime Hadamard matrices Hadamard transforms Hadrons Hafnium Hafnium alloys Hafnium compounds Hall effect Hall effect devices Hall mobility+ ===> Instead use Hall effect Halogens Hamming codes Handicapped aids Hands (robotic)+ ===> Instead use Dexterous manipulators Handsets+ ===> Instead use Telephone sets Handwriting recognition Hankel matrices Hankel transforms Harbors+ ===> Instead use Marine ports and harbors Hard disks Hard magnetic materials+ ===> Instead use Permanent magnets Hardness measurement Hardware design languages Harmonic analysis Harmonic distortion Harmonic generation+ ===> Instead use Frequency conversion Hartley transforms Hazardous areas HDL+ ===> Instead use Hardware design languages HDTV Head Headphones Health care+ ===> Instead use Medical services Health physics+ ===> Instead use Dosimetry+ ===> Instead use Radiation monitoring Health (occupational)+ ===> Instead use Occupational health and safety Hearing+ ===> Instead use Auditory system Hearing aids Heart+ ===> Instead use Cardiovascular system Heart valves+ ===> Instead use Prosthetics Heart (artificial)+ ===> Instead use Artificial biological organs Heat engines Heat pumps Heat treatment Heating Heavy ion accelerators Heavy ion beams Heavy ion sources Heavy ions Hebbian learning Helical antennas Helical waveguides Helices Helicopter antennas Helicopter communication Helicopter control Helicopter electrical systems+ ===> Instead use Helicopter power systems Helicopter electronics Helicopter maintenance Helicopter power systems Helicopter propulsion Helicopter reliability Helicopter testing Helicopters Helium Helmholtz equations Help systems HEMT+ ===> Instead use MODFETs Hereditary systems Hermitian matrices Hessian matrices Heterodyning Heterojunction bipolar transistors Heterojunctions Heterojunctions (semiconductor)+ ===> Instead use Semiconductor heterojunctions HF amplifiers HF antennas HF radar HF radiation effects+ ===> Instead use Electromagnetic radiation effects HF radio communication HF radio propagation HF receivers HF transformers HF transmitters Hidden Markov models Hierarchical systems Higher order statistics Highways+ ===> Instead use Road transportation High-definition TV+ ===> Instead use HDTV High-electron-mobility transistors+ ===> Instead use MODFETs High-frequency amplifiers+ ===> Instead use HF amplifiers High-frequency antennas+ ===> Instead use HF antennas High-frequency radar+ ===> Instead use HF radar High-frequency radiation effects+ ===> Instead use Electromagnetic radiation effects High-frequency radio communication+ ===> Instead use HF radio communication High-frequency radio propagation+ ===> Instead use HF radio propagation High-frequency receivers+ ===> Instead use HF receivers High-frequency transmitters+ ===> Instead use HF transmitters High-level languages High-level synthesis High-pass filters High-performance parallel interface+ ===> Instead use Network interfaces High-speed electronics High-speed integrated circuits High-temperature effects+ ===> Instead use Thermal factors High-temperature superconductors High-temperature techniques High-voltage techniques Hilbert spaces Hilbert transforms Hip joint replacements+ ===> Instead use Prosthetics HIPPI+ ===> Instead use Network interfaces History HMM+ ===> Instead use Hidden Markov models Hole burning (optical)+ ===> Instead use Optical hole burning Hole carriers+ ===> Instead use Charge carrier processes Holmium Holmium alloys Holmium compounds Holographic gratings Holographic interferometry Holographic memories Holographic optical components Holographic recording Holography Home appliances Home automation Home banking+ ===> Instead use Home computing Home communication systems Home computers+ ===> Instead use Microcomputers Home computing Home shopping+ ===> Instead use Home computing Home working Homodyne detection Homomorphic filtering+ ===> Instead use Cepstral analysis Homopolar generators Homopolar machines Homopolar motors Hopfield networks Hormones+ ===> Instead use Biochemistry Horn antennas Horn clauses Hospitals+ ===> Instead use Medical services Hot carriers Hot electrons+ ===> Instead use Hot carriers Hough transforms Household appliances+ ===> Instead use Home appliances Huffman codes Human engineering+ ===> Instead use Ergonomics Human factors Humanities Humidity Humidity control Humidity measurement Humidity transducers Hurwitz stability+ ===> Instead use Routh methods HVDC circuit breakers HVDC converters HVDC insulation HVDC insulators HVDC interrupters HVDC substations HVDC transmission HVDC transmission control HVDC transmission lines Hybrid integrated circuit bonding Hybrid integrated circuit fabrication SN Use for commercial and noncommercial processes. Hybrid integrated circuit interconnections Hybrid integrated circuit packaging Hybrid integrated circuit reliability Hybrid integrated circuit thermal factors Hybrid integrated circuits Hybrid junctions Hydraulic equipment Hydraulic systems Hydraulic turbines Hydrodynamics Hydroelectric generators Hydroelectric power generation Hydroelectric-thermal power generation Hydrogen Hydrogen compounds Hydrogen economy Hydrogen ions+ ===> Instead use Protons Hydrologic measurements Hydrology Hydrophones Hypercubes Hypertext systems Hyperthermia Hysteresis Hysteresis motor drives Hysteresis motor protection Hysteresis motors H-infinity control H-infinity optimization IC+ ===> Instead use Integrated circuits ICAD+ ===> Instead use Intelligent design assistants ICAI+ ===> Instead use Intelligent tutoring systems Ice Iconic languages+ ===> Instead use Visual languages Identification Identification of persons IDTV+ ===> Instead use HDTV IEC IEEE IEEE professional activities IEEE publications IEEE standards IEEE student activities IF amplifiers IF systems IGBT+ ===> Instead use Insulated gate bipolar transistors IGFET+ ===> Instead use Insulated gate FETs Ignition+ ===> Instead use Starting IIR digital filter stability+ ===> Instead use Digital filter wordlength effects IIR digital filters Illumination+ ===> Instead use Lighting Illumination control+ ===> Instead use Lighting control ILS+ ===> Instead use Aircraft landing guidance Image analysis Image boundary analysis+ ===> Instead use Image edge analysis Image classification Image coding Image color analysis Image communication Image compression+ ===> Instead use Image coding Image converters Image databases Image deblurring+ ===> Instead use Image restoration Image edge analysis Image enhancement Image generation Image intensifiers Image line pattern analysis Image matching Image motion analysis Image object detection+ ===> Instead use Object detection Image object recognition+ ===> Instead use Object recognition Image orientation analysis Image pattern recognition+ ===> Instead use Pattern recognition Image processing Image recognition Image reconstruction Image region analysis Image registration Image representations Image resolution Image restoration Image sampling Image segmentation Image sensors Image sequence analysis Image shape analysis Image size analysis Image storage Image synthesis+ ===> Instead use Image generation Image texture analysis Image transmission+ ===> Instead use Image communication Imaging Immittance converters Immittance inverters Impact ionization IMPATT diode amplifiers IMPATT diode oscillators IMPATT diodes Impedance SN Use for electric impedance only. For acoustic property, see "Acoustic impedance" Impedance cardiography Impedance converters+ ===> Instead use Immittance converters Impedance imaging Impedance inverters+ ===> Instead use Immittance inverters Impedance matching Impedance matrix Impedance measurement Impedance tomography Impedance transformers+ ===> Instead use Impedance matching Impedance (acoustic)+ ===> Instead use Acoustic impedance Implantable biomedical devices Implantable electrodes Importance sampling+ ===> Instead use Monte Carlo methods Impregnated insulation Improved definition TV+ ===> Instead use HDTV Impulse generation+ ===> Instead use Pulse generation Impulse measurements+ ===> Instead use Pulse measurements Impulse noise Impulse response+ ===> Instead use Transient response Impulse testing Impurities Indexes Indium Indium alloys Indium compounds Indoor radio communication Inductance Inductance measurement Induction accelerators Induction generators Induction heating Induction machines Induction motor drives Induction motor protection Induction motors Induction (electromagnetic)+ ===> Instead use Electromagnetic induction Induction (electrostatic)+ ===> Instead use Electrostatic induction Inductive energy storage Inductive transducers+ ===> Instead use Magnetic transducers Inductor alternators Inductor compensated distribution lines Inductor compensated transmission lines Inductors Industrial control Industrial electronics Industrial plants Industrial power system control Industrial power system economics Industrial power system faults Industrial power system harmonics Industrial power system maintenance Industrial power system mechanical factors Industrial power system planning Industrial power system protection Industrial power system reliability Industrial power system testing Industrial power system transients Industrial power systems Industries Inertial confinement Inertial navigation Infants+ ===> Instead use Pediatrics Inference mechanisms Infinite duration impulse response digital filters+ ===> Instead use IIR digital filters Information rates Information retrieval Information services Information systems Information technology SN Use for general aspects only Information theory Infrared communication+ ===> Instead use Optical communication Infrared detectors Infrared heating Infrared image sensors Infrared imaging Infrared lasers+ ===> Instead use Lasers Infrared measurements Infrared position measurement Infrared propagation+ ===> Instead use Optical propagation Infrared radiation effects Infrared radiometry Infrared spectroscopy Infrared surveillance Infrared tracking Infrared transducers Inheritance Inhomogeneous media+ ===> Instead use Nonhomogeneous media Injected beams+ ===> Instead use Particle beam injection Injection lasers+ ===> Instead use Semiconductor lasers Injection locked amplifiers Injection locked oscillators Ink jet printing Inners Innovation+ ===> Instead use Technological innovation Input-output stability Insects+ ===> Instead use Animals Inspection Instructional aids+ ===> Instead use Educational technology Instrument amplifiers Instrument landing systems+ ===> Instead use Aircraft landing guidance Instrument transformers Instrumentation+ ===> Instead use Measurement Instrumentation buses+ ===> Instead use Field buses Insulated gate bipolar transistors Insulated gate FETs Insulated gate field effect transistors+ ===> Instead use Insulated gate FETs Insulated gate transistor switches Insulation Insulation life Insulation radiation effects+ ===> Instead use Dielectric radiation effects Insulation testing Insulation thermal factors Insulator contamination Insulator testing Insulators Integer programming Integral equations Integrated circuit bonding Integrated circuit design Integrated circuit doping Integrated circuit economics Integrated circuit fabrication SN For commercial manufacture, use "Integrated circuit manufacture" Integrated circuit interconnections Integrated circuit ion implantation Integrated circuit layout Integrated circuit manufacture SN For noncommercial processes, use "Integrated circuit fabrication" Integrated circuit measurements Integrated circuit mechanical factors Integrated circuit metallization Integrated circuit modeling Integrated circuit noise Integrated circuit packaging Integrated circuit radiation effects Integrated circuit reliability Integrated circuit testing Integrated circuit thermal factors Integrated circuits Integrated circuits industry+ ===> Instead use Electronics industry Integrated control+ ===> Instead use Centralized control Integrated injection logic Integrated optics Integrated optoelectronics Integrated services digital networks+ ===> Instead use ISDN Integrated voice-data communication Integration (mathematics) Integrators Integrodifferential equations Intelligent actuators Intelligent agent interaction+ ===> Instead use Cooperative systems Intelligent buildings+ ===> Instead use Building management systems Intelligent control Intelligent databases+ ===> Instead use Deductive databases Intelligent design assistants Intelligent materials Intelligent networks Intelligent robots Intelligent sensors Intelligent structures Intelligent systems Intelligent tutoring systems Intensity modulation Interactive computing Interactive systems Interactive TV Interchannel interference Interconnected circuits Interconnected power systems Interconnected systems Interconnection networks (multiprocessor)+ ===> Instead use Multiprocessor interconnection Interconnections Interdigital transducers Interface phenomena Interference Interference suppression Interferometry Interleaved coding Interleaved memories Intermediate-frequency amplifiers+ ===> Instead use IF amplifiers Intermediate-frequency systems+ ===> Instead use IF systems Intermodulation distortion Internal combustion engines International Electrotechnical Commission+ ===> Instead use IEC International Organization for Standardization+ ===> Instead use ISO International Radio Consultative Committee+ ===> Instead use CCIR International relations International Telecommunications Union+ ===> Instead use ITU International trade Internat. Consultative Ctte. for Telephone and Telegraph+ ===> Instead use CCITT Internet Internetworking Interpolation Interpreters (program)+ ===> Instead use Program interpreters Interrupters Interrupts Intersymbol interference Intrusion detection+ ===> Instead use Site security monitoring Invention+ ===> Instead use Technological innovation Inventory control Inverse problems Inversion layers Inverters Iodine Iodine compounds Ion accelerators Ion beam applications Ion beam lithography Ion beams Ion emission Ion engines Ion implantation Ion lasers Ion linear accelerators Ion optics Ion radiation effects Ion sources Ionization Ionization chambers Ionosphere Ionospheric electromagnetic propagation Ions Iridium Iridium alloys Iridium compounds Irises+ ===> Instead use Waveguide discontinuities Iron Iron alloys Iron compounds Irradiation+ ===> Instead use Radiation effects Irreducible realizations+ ===> Instead use Minimal realizations ISDN ISI+ ===> Instead use Intersymbol interference ISO Isolation technology Isolators Isotope separation Isotopes Iterated codes+ ===> Instead use Product codes Iterative logic arrays+ ===> Instead use Cellular logic arrays Iterative methods ITS+ ===> Instead use Intelligent tutoring systems ITU I2L+ ===> Instead use Integrated injection logic Jacobian matrices Jamming was used Japanese characters+ ===> Instead use Chinese and Japanese characters Jet engines JFET amplifiers JFET analog integrated circuits JFET circuits JFET digital integrated circuits JFET integrated circuits JFET logic devices JFET memory integrated circuits JFET oscillators JFET switches JFETs Jitter Josephson amplifiers Josephson arrays Josephson device fabrication SN Use for commercial and noncommercial processes Josephson device measurement applications Josephson device measurements Josephson device noise Josephson device packaging Josephson device radiation effects Josephson device reliability Josephson device testing Josephson devices Josephson effect Josephson junctions Josephson logic Josephson memories Josephson mixers was used Josephson oscillators Josephson radiation detectors Josephson switches Journals Jump parameter systems Jump processes Junction FETs+ ===> Instead use JFETs Junction lasers+ ===> Instead use Semiconductor lasers Junctions (heterojunction)+ ===> Instead use Heterojunctions Junctions (hybrid)+ ===> Instead use Hybrid junctions Junctions (semiconductor)+ ===> Instead use Semiconductor junctions Junctions (waveguide)+ ===> Instead use Waveguide junctions Kalman filtering Kaons+ ===> Instead use Mesons Karhunen-Loeve transforms Kbms+ ===> Instead use Deductive databases Kernels (operating systems)+ ===> Instead use Operating system kernels Kerr effect (electrooptic)+ ===> Instead use Electrooptic Kerr effect Kerr effect (magnetooptic)+ ===> Instead use Magnetooptic Kerr effect Kerr effect (optical)+ ===> Instead use Optical Kerr effect Keyboards Kidneys Kinematics Klystrons Knee joint replacements+ ===> Instead use Prosthetics Knowledge acquisition Knowledge base management systems+ ===> Instead use Deductive databases Knowledge based systems Knowledge engineering Knowledge representation Kohonen networks+ ===> Instead use Self-organizing feature maps Krypton Laboratories Ladder circuits Ladder estimation Ladder filters Laguerre processes Laguerre transforms+ ===> Instead use Polynomial transforms Lakes Lambda calculus Lamps LAN+ ===> Instead use Local area networks LAN interconnection Land mobile radio Land mobile radio base stations+ ===> Instead use Land mobile radio equipment Land mobile radio cellular systems Land mobile radio data communication Land mobile radio dispatch Land mobile radio diversity systems Land mobile radio equipment Land mobile radio interference Land mobile radio meteorological factors+ ===> Instead use Land mobile radio propagation factors Land mobile radio propagation factors Land mobile radio spectrum management Land mobile radio terrain factors+ ===> Instead use Land mobile radio propagation factors Land transportation Land vehicles Landing guidance systems+ ===> Instead use Aircraft landing guidance Languages Lanthanum Lanthanum alloys Lanthanum compounds Laplace equations Laplace transforms Large-scale circuits Large-scale integration Large-scale systems Large-screen displays Laser ablation Laser absorbers Laser accessories Laser amplifiers Laser amplitude stability+ ===> Instead use Laser stability Laser annealing Laser applications Laser arrays Laser beam distortion Laser beam effects+ ===> Instead use Laser radiation effects Laser beam fluctuations+ ===> Instead use Laser stability Laser beam focusing Laser beam steering Laser beams Laser biomedical applications Laser bonding Laser cavity resonators+ ===> Instead use Laser resonators Laser chemistry applications Laser components+ ===> Instead use Laser accessories Laser couplers Laser diodes+ ===> Instead use Semiconductor lasers Laser drivers+ ===> Instead use Driver circuits Laser excitation Laser frequency stability+ ===> Instead use Laser stability Laser fusion Laser machining Laser materials-processing applications Laser measurement applications Laser measurements Laser modes Laser modulation+ ===> Instead use Optical modulation Laser noise Laser pulse amplifiers+ ===> Instead use Laser amplifiers Laser radar Laser radiation effects Laser reliability Laser resonators Laser stability Laser thermal factors Laser tuning Laser wavelength stability+ ===> Instead use Laser stability Laser welding Lasers Lattice circuits Lattice estimation Lattice filters Launching (electromagnetic)+ ===> Instead use Electromagnetic launching Launching (electrothermal)+ ===> Instead use Electrothermal launching Law enforcement+ ===> Instead use Public safety Layered media+ ===> Instead use Nonhomogeneous media Layout Layout of circuit boards+ ===> Instead use Printed circuit layout Layout of integrated circuits+ ===> Instead use Integrated circuit layout LCD drivers+ ===> Instead use Driver circuits Lead Lead alloys Lead bonding Lead compounds Leak detection Leakage currents Leaky wave antennas Leaky waves Learning automata+ ===> Instead use Stochastic automata Learning control systems Learning systems Least mean square methods Least squares methods LEDs+ ===> Instead use Light-emitting diodes Legal factors Legged locomotion Lempel-Ziv codes Length measurement Lens antennas Lens waveguides Lenses Level control Level measurement Level-crossing problems Levitation Libraries Lidar+ ===> Instead use Laser radar Lie algebras Lie groups Life cycle costing Life estimation Light activated switches+ ===> Instead use Light triggered switches Light deflectors Light sources Light triggered switches Light valves Lighting Lighting control Lightning Light-emitting diode displays Light-emitting diodes Limbs Limit cycles Limiting Linacs+ ===> Instead use Linear accelerators Line drivers+ ===> Instead use Driver circuits Line enhancers Line pattern analysis+ ===> Instead use Image line pattern analysis Linear accelerators Linear algebra Linear antennas Linear approximation Linear arrays Linear circuits Linear codes Linear delay filters Linear FM+ ===> Instead use Chirp modulation Linear FM radar+ ===> Instead use Chirp radar Linear induction motors Linear integrated circuits+ ===> Instead use Analog integrated circuits Linear magnitude filters Linear motors Linear phase filters Linear predictive coding Linear programming Linear synchronous motors Linear systems Linear systems (algebraic)+ ===> Instead use Linear algebra Linear-quadratic control Linear-quadratic-Gaussian control Liquid crystal devices Liquid crystal displays Liquid crystals Liquid flow+ ===> Instead use Fluid flow Liquid helium Liquid insulation+ ===> Instead use Dielectric liquids Liquid lasers Liquid leak detection Liquid level control+ ===> Instead use Level control Liquid level measurement+ ===> Instead use Level measurement Liquids LISP List processing Lithium Lithium alloys Lithium compounds Lithography Liver Livestock+ ===> Instead use Agriculture LMS+ ===> Instead use Least mean square methods Load dispatching+ ===> Instead use Power generation dispatch Load flow analysis Load flow control Load forecasting Load frequency control+ ===> Instead use Power generation control Load leveling+ ===> Instead use Power generation peaking capacity Load management Load modeling Load restoration Load shedding Loaded antennas Loaded scatterers Loaded waveguides Local area networks Locked amplifiers Locked oscillators Locomotion (legged)+ ===> Instead use Legged locomotion Log normal distributions Log periodic antennas Log spiral antennas Logarithmic amplifiers Logarithmic arithmetic Logic Logic arrays Logic circuit design+ ===> Instead use Logic design Logic circuit fault diagnosis Logic circuit fault tolerance Logic circuit testing Logic circuits Logic design Logic devices Logic functions Logic inverters+ ===> Instead use Pulse inverters Logic modules Logic partitioning Logic programming Logic programming languages Logistics Loop antenna arrays Loop antennas Loosely coupled multiprocessors+ ===> Instead use Distributed memory systems Loran Loss measurement Losses Lossless circuits Lossy circuits Lossy media+ ===> Instead use Absorbing media Lossy systems Loudspeakers Low-pass filters LPC+ ===> Instead use Linear predictive coding LQ control+ ===> Instead use Linear-quadratic control LQG control+ ===> Instead use Linear-quadratic-Gaussian control LSI+ ===> Instead use Large-scale integration Lubrication Luminescence Luminescent devices Lumped element microwave circuits Lungs+ ===> Instead use Respiratory system Lutetium Lutetium alloys Lutetium compounds Lyapunov matrix equations Lyapunov methods Machine tool control Machine tools Machine vision Machine windings Machining Magnesium Magnesium alloys Magnesium compounds Magnet wire Magnetic amplifiers Magnetic analysis Magnetic anisotropy Magnetic bearings+ ===> Instead use Magnetic levitation Magnetic bubble devices Magnetic bubble domains Magnetic bubble memories Magnetic circuits Magnetic confinement Magnetic core losses+ ===> Instead use Magnetic losses Magnetic core memories Magnetic cores Magnetic devices Magnetic disk recording Magnetic domains Magnetic energy storage+ ===> Instead use Inductive energy storage Magnetic field effects Magnetic field measurement Magnetic fields Magnetic film memories Magnetic films Magnetic filters+ ===> Instead use Magnetic separation Magnetic fluids+ ===> Instead use Magnetic liquids Magnetic flux measurement+ ===> Instead use Magnetic field measurement Magnetic force microscopy Magnetic forces Magnetic glasses+ ===> Instead use Amorphous magnetic materials Magnetic heads Magnetic hysteresis Magnetic insulation Magnetic layered films Magnetic levitation Magnetic liquids Magnetic logic devices Magnetic losses Magnetic material loaded waveguides Magnetic materials Magnetic measurements+ ===> Instead use Magnetic variables measurement Magnetic memories Magnetic microwave devices Magnetic millimeter wave devices Magnetic modulators Magnetic noise Magnetic recording Magnetic recording mechanical factors Magnetic recording noise Magnetic resonance Magnetic resonance angiocardiography Magnetic resonance cardiography Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Magnetic semiconductors Magnetic separation Magnetic shielding Magnetic storms Magnetic susceptibility Magnetic switches Magnetic tape recording Magnetic tapes Magnetic thermal factors Magnetic transducers Magnetic variables control Magnetic variables measurement Magnetization processes Magnetization reversal Magnetoacoustic effects Magnetocardiography Magnetoelasticity Magnetoelectric effects Magnetoencephalography Magnetohydrodynamic conversion Magnetohydrodynamics Magnetomechanical effects Magnetometers Magnetooptic devices Magnetooptic effects Magnetooptic films Magnetooptic isolators Magnetooptic Kerr effect Magnetooptic memories Magnetooptic modulation Magnetooptic readout heads Magnetooptic recording Magnetooptic transducers Magnetoresistance Magnetoresistive devices Magnetoresistivity+ ===> Instead use Magnetoresistance Magnetoresistors+ ===> Instead use Magnetoresistive devices Magnetosphere Magnetostatic surface waves Magnetostatic volume waves Magnetostatic waves Magnetostatics Magnetostriction Magnetostrictive devices Magnetrons Magnets Mail+ ===> Instead use Postal services Mail (electronic)+ ===> Instead use Electronic mail Maintenance Majority logic circuits Majority logic decoding Majority logic devices Majority logic functions Management Management decision-making Management education Management information systems Manganese Manganese alloys Manganese compounds Manipulator collision detection+ ===> Instead use Manipulator motion-planning Manipulator dynamics Manipulator kinematics Manipulator motion-planning Manipulator obstacle avoidance+ ===> Instead use Manipulator motion-planning Manipulator sensing systems+ ===> Instead use Robot sensing systems Manipulator tactile systems+ ===> Instead use Robot tactile systems Manipulator vision systems+ ===> Instead use Robot vision systems Manipulators Manipulators (nonrobotic)+ ===> Instead use Remote handling Manuals Manufacturing SN Use for commercial manufacture only SN For noncommercial processes, use "Fabrication" Manufacturing automation Manufacturing automation software Manufacturing data processing Manufacturing economics Manufacturing management+ ===> Instead use Production management Manufacturing planning Manufacturing scheduling Manufacturing testing Many valued logic+ ===> Instead use Multivalued logic Man-machine interfaces+ ===> Instead use User interfaces Man-machine systems MAP estimation Mapping (terrain)+ ===> Instead use Terrain mapping Mapping (vegetation)+ ===> Instead use Vegetation mapping Marine animals Marine cables (communication)+ ===> Instead use Underwater communication cables Marine cables (mechanical)+ ===> Instead use Mechanical cables Marine cables (power)+ ===> Instead use Underwater power cables Marine electrical equipment Marine electronic equipment Marine equipment Marine ports and harbors Marine radar Marine structures Marine technology Marine telemetry Marine traffic control Marine transportation Marine vegetation Marine vehicle communication Marine vehicle control Marine vehicle detection and tracking Marine vehicle electrical systems+ ===> Instead use Marine vehicle power systems Marine vehicle electronics Marine vehicle maintenance Marine vehicle power systems Marine vehicle propulsion Marine vehicle reliability Marine vehicle testing Marine vehicle tracking+ ===> Instead use Marine vehicle detection and tracking Marine vehicles Marketing Markov processes Martingales Marx generators Masers Masks Mass memories Mass spectroscopy Matched filters Materials handling Materials processing Materials reliability Materials science and technology Materials testing Mathematical morphology+ ===> Instead use Morphological operations Mathematical programming Mathematics Matrices Matrix decomposition Matrix factorization+ ===> Instead use Matrix decomposition Matrix inversion Matrix multiplication Maximally flat delay filters+ ===> Instead use Linear phase filters Maximally flat magnitude filters Maximum a posteriori estimation+ ===> Instead use MAP estimation Maximum entropy methods Maximum likelihood decoding Maximum likelihood detection Maximum likelihood estimation Maximum principle Maxwell equations MCG+ ===> Instead use Magnetocardiography MCM+ ===> Instead use Multichip modules Mean square error methods Measurement Measurement errors Measurement feedback+ ===> Instead use State feedback Measurement standards Measurement system data handling Measurement units Mechanical cables Mechanical control equipment Mechanical energy storage Mechanical engineering Mechanical factors Mechanical systems Mechanical variables control Mechanical variables measurement Mechatronics Median filters Medical decision-making Medical diagnosis Medical economics Medical expert systems Medical facilities+ ===> Instead use Medical services Medical image processing+ ===> Instead use Biomedical image processing Medical imaging+ ===> Instead use Biomedical imaging Medical information systems Medical services Medical services planning Medical treatment Meetings MEG+ ===> Instead use Magnetoencephalography Membranes Memories Memory access+ ===> Instead use Memory management Memory allocation+ ===> Instead use Memory management Memory architecture Memory fault diagnosis Memory fault tolerance Memory hierarchies+ ===> Instead use Memory architecture Memory management Memory protocols Memory scheduling+ ===> Instead use Memory management Memory testing Memory transfers+ ===> Instead use Memory management Memoryless systems Mental models+ ===> Instead use Cognitive science Mercury alloys Mercury compounds Mercury (metal) Merged transistor logic+ ===> Instead use Integrated injection logic Merging Mersenne transforms+ ===> Instead use Number theoretic transforms MESFET amplifiers MESFET circuits MESFET integrated circuits MESFET logic devices MESFET memory integrated circuits MESFET oscillators MESFET power amplifiers MESFET switches MESFETs Mesh generation Meson beams Meson detectors Meson facilities Meson radiation effects Mesons Message passing Message switching Message systems Metabolism+ ===> Instead use Biochemistry Metal vapor lasers+ ===> Instead use Gas lasers Metallic glasses+ ===> Instead use Amorphous magnetic materials Metallic superlattices+ ===> Instead use Superlattices Metallization Metals Metals industry Metal-insulator structures Metal-insulator-metal devices+ ===> Instead use MIM devices Metal-insulator-oxide-semiconductor devices+ ===> Instead use MIS devices Metal-insulator-semiconductor devices+ ===> Instead use MIS devices Metal-insulator-semiconductor-metal devices+ ===> Instead use MISM devices Metal-nitride-oxide-semiconductor devices+ ===> Instead use MIS devices Metal-nitride-semiconductor devices+ ===> Instead use MIS devices Metal-oxide-semiconductor devices+ ===> Instead use MOS devices Metal-semiconductor interfaces+ ===> Instead use Semiconductor-metal interfaces Metal-semiconductor-metal devices+ ===> Instead use MSM devices Meteor burst communication Meteorological radar Meteorology Metropolitan area networks MHD+ ===> Instead use Magnetohydrodynamics MIC+ ===> Instead use Microwave integrated circuits Mica insulation Microactuators Microassembly Microcomputer applications Microcomputers Microcontrollers Microelectrodes Microelectromechanical devices Micromachining Micromotors Microorganisms Microphones Microprocessor applications Microprocessor testing Microprocessors Microprogramming Micropumps Microresonators Microscopy Microsensors Microstrip Microstrip antennas Microstrip arrays Microstrip circuits Microstrip components Microstrip couplers Microstrip directional couplers Microstrip discontinuities Microstrip filters Microstrip resonators Microstrip transitions Microtrons Microwave amplifiers Microwave antenna arrays Microwave antennas Microwave attenuators Microwave bipolar integrated circuits Microwave bipolar transistor amplifiers Microwave bipolar transistor oscillators Microwave bipolar transistors Microwave circuits Microwave circulators Microwave communication Microwave detectors Microwave devices Microwave diodes Microwave FET amplifiers Microwave FET integrated circuits Microwave FET oscillators Microwave FETs Microwave filters Microwave frequency conversion Microwave generation Microwave heating+ ===> Instead use Electromagnetic heating Microwave holography Microwave imaging Microwave integrated circuits Microwave isolators Microwave landing systems+ ===> Instead use Aircraft landing guidance Microwave lasers+ ===> Instead use Masers Microwave limiters Microwave magnetic devices+ ===> Instead use Magnetic microwave devices Microwave measurements Microwave mixers Microwave modulation Microwave oscillators Microwave phase shifters Microwave power amplifiers Microwave power bipolar transistor amplifiers Microwave power bipolar transistors Microwave power FET amplifiers Microwave power FETs Microwave power transmission Microwave propagation Microwave radar+ ===> Instead use Radar Microwave radiation effects+ ===> Instead use Electromagnetic radiation effects Microwave radio communication Microwave radio propagation Microwave radio propagation meteorological factors Microwave radio propagation terrain factors Microwave radiometry Microwave receivers Microwave reflectometry Microwave repeaters Microwave resonators Microwave spectroscopy Microwave switches Microwave technology Microwave transistors Microwave transmitters Microwave tubes Microwave waveguides+ ===> Instead use Waveguides MIL standards+ ===> Instead use Military standards Military aircraft Military command and control+ ===> Instead use Command and control systems Military communication Military computing Military data processing Military decision-making Military economics Military equipment Military information systems Military land vehicles Military procurement Military satellites Military standards Millimeter wave amplifiers Millimeter wave antenna arrays Millimeter wave antennas Millimeter wave attenuators Millimeter wave bipolar integrated circuits Millimeter wave bipolar transistor amplifiers Millimeter wave bipolar transistor oscillators Millimeter wave bipolar transistors Millimeter wave circuits Millimeter wave circulators Millimeter wave communication Millimeter wave couplers Millimeter wave detectors Millimeter wave devices Millimeter wave diodes Millimeter wave directional couplers Millimeter wave FET amplifiers Millimeter wave FET integrated circuits Millimeter wave FET oscillators Millimeter wave FETs Millimeter wave filters Millimeter wave frequency conversion Millimeter wave generation Millimeter wave imaging Millimeter wave integrated circuits Millimeter wave isolators Millimeter wave lasers Millimeter wave magnetic devices+ ===> Instead use Magnetic millimeter wave devices Millimeter wave measurements Millimeter wave mixers Millimeter wave modulation Millimeter wave monolithic integrated circuits+ ===> Instead use MIMICs Millimeter wave oscillators Millimeter wave phase shifters Millimeter wave power amplifiers Millimeter wave power bipolar transistor amplifiers Millimeter wave power bipolar transistors Millimeter wave power FET amplifiers Millimeter wave power FETs Millimeter wave propagation Millimeter wave radar Millimeter wave radiation effects+ ===> Instead use Electromagnetic radiation effects Millimeter wave radio communication Millimeter wave radio propagation Millimeter wave radio propagation meteorological factors Millimeter wave radio propagation terrain factors Millimeter wave radiometry Millimeter wave receivers Millimeter wave repeaters Millimeter wave resonators Millimeter wave spectroscopy Millimeter wave switches Millimeter wave technology Millimeter wave transistors Millimeter wave transmitters Millimeter wave tubes Millimeter wave waveguides MIM devices MIMICs MIMO systems MIN+ ===> Instead use Multistage interconnection networks Minicomputer applications Minicomputers Minimal realizations Minimax control Minimax methods Minimization methods Minimum effort control Minimum energy control Minimum entropy methods Minimum fuel control+ ===> Instead use Fuel optimal control Minimum mean square error methods+ ===> Instead use Least mean square methods Minimum shift keying Mining industry Mining industry safety MIOS devices+ ===> Instead use MIS devices Mirrors MIS capacitors MIS devices MISFETs MISM devices Missile control Missile detection and tracking Missile guidance Missile propulsion Missile tracking+ ===> Instead use Missile detection and tracking Missiles Mixed analog-digital integrated circuits Mixer noise Mixers MLS+ ===> Instead use Aircraft landing guidance MMIC amplifiers MMIC frequency converters MMIC mixers MMIC oscillators MMIC phase shifters MMIC power amplifiers MMIC receivers MMIC repeaters MMIC switches MMIC transmitters MMICs MMSE+ ===> Instead use Least mean square methods MNOS devices+ ===> Instead use MIS devices MNS devices+ ===> Instead use MIS devices Mobile antennas Mobile communication Mobile office+ ===> Instead use Teleworking Mobile power supplies Mobile robot collision detection+ ===> Instead use Mobile robot motion-planning Mobile robot dynamics Mobile robot kinematics Mobile robot motion-planning Mobile robot navigation+ ===> Instead use Mobile robot motion-planning Mobile robot obstacle avoidance+ ===> Instead use Mobile robot motion-planning Mobile robot sensing systems+ ===> Instead use Robot sensing systems Mobile robot tactile systems+ ===> Instead use Robot tactile systems Mobile robot vision systems+ ===> Instead use Robot vision systems Mobile robots Mode coupling+ ===> Instead use Coupled mode analysis Mode locked lasers Mode matching methods Model reduction+ ===> Instead use Reduced order systems Model reference adaptive control Modeling Modems MODFET amplifiers MODFET circuits MODFET integrated circuits MODFET logic devices MODFET memory integrated circuits MODFET oscillators MODFET power amplifiers MODFET switches MODFETs Modular computer systems Modulation Modulation coding Modulation transfer functions+ ===> Instead use Optical transfer functions Modulators+ ===> Instead use Modulation Modulator-demodulators+ ===> Instead use Modems Moisture Moisture control Moisture measurement Moisture transducers Molecular electronics Molecular lasers+ ===> Instead use Gas lasers Molybdenum Molybdenum alloys Molybdenum compounds MOM devices+ ===> Instead use MIM devices Moment methods Monitoring Monolithic integrated circuits Monolithic microwave integrated circuits+ ===> Instead use MMICs Monopole antennas Monopole arrays Monopulse antennas Monopulse radar Monte Carlo methods Moon Morphological filters+ ===> Instead use Morphological operations Morphological operations MOS analog integrated circuits MOS capacitors MOS controlled thyristors MOS devices MOS digital integrated circuits MOS integrated circuits MOS memory integrated circuits MOS transistors+ ===> Instead use MOSFETs MOSFET amplifiers MOSFET circuits MOSFET logic devices MOSFET oscillators MOSFET power amplifiers MOSFET switches MOSFETs Mossbauer spectroscopy Motion analysis Motion compensation Motion control Motion measurement Motion pictures Motion-planning Motor control+ ===> Instead use Motor drives Motor drives Motor economics Motor protection Motor speed control+ ===> Instead use Motor drives Motor systems (biological)+ ===> Instead use Biological motor systems Motors Moving average processes Moving target indicators+ ===> Instead use Pulse Doppler radar MRI+ ===> Instead use Magnetic resonance imaging MSK+ ===> Instead use Minimum shift keying MSM devices MTF+ ===> Instead use Optical transfer functions MTI radar+ ===> Instead use Pulse Doppler radar MTL+ ===> Instead use Integrated injection logic Mud+ ===> Instead use Sediments Multiaccess communication Multiarea power systems+ ===> Instead use Interconnected power systems Multibeam antennas Multicast channels Multichannel analyzers+ ===> Instead use Pulse height analyzers Multichip modules Multiconductor transmission lines Multidimensional coding Multidimensional digital filter stability+ ===> Instead use Digital filter wordlength effects Multidimensional digital filters Multidimensional sequences Multidimensional signal detection Multidimensional signal processing Multidimensional systems Multifrequency antennas Multilayer perceptrons Multilayers+ ===> Instead use Nonhomogeneous media Multilevel systems Multilinear systems+ ===> Instead use Nonlinear systems Multimanipulator systems+ ===> Instead use Multiple manipulators Multimedia communication Multimedia computing Multimedia databases Multimedia systems Multimode transmission lines Multimode waveguides Multipath channels Multiple-input multiple-output systems+ ===> Instead use MIMO systems Multiple manipulators Multiplexing Multiple-input multiple-output systems+ ===> Instead use MIMO systems Multiplication Multiplying circuits Multiport circuits Multiprocessing Multiprocessor interconnection Multiprocessor scheduling+ ===> Instead use Processor scheduling Multiprogramming Multireflector antennas Multisensor systems Multistage interconnection networks Multistatic scattering Multitasking Multiuser channels Multivalued logic Multivalued logic circuits Multivalued logic devices Multivariable circuits Multivariable functions Multivariable systems Multivibrators Muons+ ===> Instead use Mesons Muscles Music Mutual coupling Nanotechnology Natural gas Natural gas industry Natural language interfaces Natural languages Navigation Negative immittance converters+ ===> Instead use Immittance converters Negative immittance inverters+ ===> Instead use Immittance inverters Negative resistance circuits Negative resistance devices Neodymium Neodymium alloys Neodymium compounds Neodymium:glass lasers Neodymium:solid lasers Neodymium:YAG lasers Neon Neonates+ ===> Instead use Obstetrics Nervous system Nets+ ===> Instead use Networks Network fault diagnosis Network fault tolerance Network interfaces interfaces" was used Network operating systems Network reliability Network routing+ ===> Instead use Routing Network servers Network testing Networks Neural chips+ ===> Instead use Neural network hardware Neural network applications Neural network architecture Neural network hardware Neural networks Neurocontrollers Neurology+ ===> Instead use Nervous system Neuromuscular stimulation Neutrinos Neutron activation analysis Neutron beams Neutron detectors Neutron radiation effects Neutron sources Neutron spectroscopy Neutron spectroscopy detectors Neutrons Newton method Newton-Raphson method Nickel Nickel alloys Nickel compounds Niobium Niobium alloys Niobium compounds Nitrogen Nitrogen compounds NMR+ ===> Instead use Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR imaging+ ===> Instead use Magnetic resonance imaging NMR spectroscopy+ ===> Instead use Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Noble gases Noise Noise generators Noise measurement Nondestructive readout Nondestructive testing Nonhomogeneous media Nonhomogeneously loaded waveguides Nonlinear acoustics Nonlinear circuits Nonlinear detection Nonlinear difference equations Nonlinear differential equations Nonlinear distortion Nonlinear equations Nonlinear estimation Nonlinear filters Nonlinear functions Nonlinear magnetics Nonlinear media Nonlinear optics Nonlinear oscillators Nonlinear programming Nonlinear systems Nonlinear wave propagation Nonlinearities Nonmonotonic reasoning Nonradiative dielectric waveguides Nonreciprocal circuits Nonreciprocal media Nonreciprocal wave propagation Nonuniform transmission lines+ ===> Instead use Distributed parameter circuits Nonuniformly spaced arrays Normal distributions Notch filters NRD waveguides+ ===> Instead use Nonradiative dielectric waveguides Nuclear angiocardiography Nuclear cardiography Nuclear chest imaging Nuclear explosions Nuclear fuels Nuclear imaging Nuclear magnetic resonance Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging+ ===> Instead use Magnetic resonance imaging Nuclear measurements Nuclear medicine+ ===> Instead use Biomedical applications of nuclear radiation Nuclear physics Nuclear power generation Nuclear power generation auxiliary systems Nuclear power generation control Nuclear power generation maintenance Nuclear power generation reliability Nuclear power generation safety Nuclear radiation effects Nuclear reactors (fission)+ ===> Instead use Fission reactors Nuclear reactors (fusion)+ ===> Instead use Fusion reactors Nuclear rocket engines Nuclear tomography Nuclear wastes+ ===> Instead use Radioactive pollution Number theoretic transforms Number theory Numerical analysis Numerical control Numerical stability Nursing+ ===> Instead use Medical services Nyquist stability N-path circuits N-path filters N-port circuits+ ===> Instead use Multiport circuits Obituaries Object detection Object oriented databases Object oriented languages Object oriented methods Object oriented programming Object recognition Observability Observers Obstetrics Occupational health and safety Ocean+ ===> Instead use Sea Ocean animals+ ===> Instead use Marine animals Ocean technology+ ===> Instead use Marine technology Ocean thermal energy conversion Ocean vegetation+ ===> Instead use Marine vegetation OCR+ ===> Instead use Optical character recognition Octrees Office automation Offset reflector antennas Ogives Ohmic contacts Ohmmeters+ ===> Instead use Resistance measurement Oil+ ===> Instead use Petroleum Oil circuit breakers Oil filled cables Oil industry+ ===> Instead use Petroleum industry Oil insulation Olfactory system One-port circuits On-off control On-off keying+ ===> Instead use Amplitude shift keying OOK+ ===> Instead use Amplitude shift keying Open systems Operating system kernels Operating systems Operational amplifiers Operations research Operators (mathematics) Ophthalmic lenses Optical altimetry Optical amplifiers Optical arrays Optical beam focusing Optical beam splitting Optical beams Optical bistability Optical character recognition Optical circulators Optical communication Optical communication equipment Optical communication terminals Optical components Optical computing Optical control Optical correlators Optical couplers SN Use for physical device only Optical coupling SN For physical device, use "Optical couplers" Optical crosstalk Optical data processing Optical deflectors+ ===> Instead use Light deflectors Optical delay lines Optical detectors+ ===> Instead use Photodetectors Optical device fabrication SN Use for commercial and noncommercial processes Optical diffraction Optical directional couplers Optical distance measurement Optical distortion Optical ellipsometry+ ===> Instead use Ellipsometry Optical equalizers Optical feedback Optical fiber amplifiers Optical fiber applications Optical fiber cables Optical fiber cladding Optical fiber communication Optical fiber connecting Optical fiber couplers SN Use for physical device only Optical fiber coupling SN For physical device, use "Optical fiber couplers" Optical fiber delay lines Optical fiber device fabrication+ ===> Instead use Optical device fabrication Optical fiber devices Optical fiber dispersion Optical fiber fabrication SN Use for commercial and noncommercial processes Optical fiber filters Optical fiber interference Optical fiber LAN Optical fiber lasers Optical fiber losses Optical fiber materials Optical fiber measurement applications Optical fiber measurements Optical fiber mechanical factors Optical fiber polarization Optical fiber protective covering Optical fiber radiation effects Optical fiber switches Optical fiber telemetry Optical fiber testing Optical fiber theory Optical fiber thermal factors Optical fiber transducers Optical fiber transitions Optical fibers Optical films Optical filters Optical frequency conversion Optical glass materials/devices" were used Optical gratings+ ===> Instead use Gratings Optical hole burning Optical image processing Optical imaging Optical imaging (biological)+ ===> Instead use Visual system Optical interconnections Optical interferometry Optical isolators Optical Kerr effect Optical klystrons Optical limiters Optical links+ ===> Instead use Optical communication Optical logic devices Optical losses Optical materials Optical measurements+ ===> Instead use Optical variables measurement Optical memories Optical mixers SN Use for physical device only Optical mixing SN For physical device, use "Optical mixers" Optical modulation Optical neural networks Optical noise Optical oscillators Optical parametric amplifiers Optical parametric oscillators Optical phase conjugation Optical phase locked loops Optical phase matching Optical phase shifters Optical planar waveguide components Optical planar waveguide couplers Optical planar waveguides Optical polarization Optical polymers Optical position measurement Optical propagation Optical propagation in absorbing media Optical propagation in anisotropic media Optical propagation in dispersive media Optical propagation in nonhomogeneous media Optical propagation in nonlinear media Optical propagation in nonreciprocal media+ ===> Instead use Nonreciprocal wave propagation Optical propagation in plasma media Optical pulse amplifiers Optical pulse compression Optical pulse generation Optical pulse measurements Optical pulse shaping Optical pulses Optical pumping Optical radar+ ===> Instead use Laser radar Optical radiation effects Optical radiometry+ ===> Instead use Radiometry Optical receivers Optical recording Optical reflection Optical refraction Optical repeaters Optical resonance Optical resonators Optical saturation Optical scattering Optical self-focusing Optical signal detection Optical signal processing Optical solitons Optical spectroscopy Optical strip waveguide components Optical strip waveguide couplers Optical strip waveguides Optical subscriber loops Optical subscriber sets+ ===> Instead use Optical communication terminals Optical surface waves Optical switches Optical taps+ ===> Instead use Optical couplers Optical time domain reflectometry Optical tomography imaging/mapping" were used Optical tracking Optical transducers Optical transfer functions Optical transient propagation Optical transient scattering Optical transmitters Optical variables control Optical variables measurement Optical velocity measurement SN Use for velocity measurement by optical means SN For optical wave velocity, use "Optical propagation" Optical waveguide components Optical waveguide filters Optical waveguide theory Optical waveguides Optics Optimal control Optimization methods Optimizing compilers Optoacoustic effects+ ===> Instead use Photoacoustic effects Optoelectronic devices Optothermal effects+ ===> Instead use Photothermal effects Optothyristors+ ===> Instead use Photothyristors Oral communication Order statistic filters+ ===> Instead use Nonlinear filters Organic compounds Organic dyes+ ===> Instead use Dyes Organs (biological)+ ===> Instead use Biological organs Orientation control+ ===> Instead use Position control Orientation determination+ ===> Instead use Position measurement Orientation determination (image)+ ===> Instead use Image orientation analysis Orientation measurement+ ===> Instead use Position measurement Orthogonal functions Orthogonal transforms+ ===> Instead use Transforms Orthopedics Orthotics Oscillator noise Oscillator stability Oscillators Oscillography Oscilloscopes OSI+ ===> Instead use Open systems OTDR+ ===> Instead use Optical time domain reflectometry OTEC+ ===> Instead use Ocean thermal energy conversion OTF+ ===> Instead use Optical transfer functions Output feedback Overcurrent protection Overflow oscillations+ ===> Instead use Finite wordlength effects Overhead distribution lines+ ===> Instead use Power distribution lines Overhead transmission lines+ ===> Instead use Power transmission lines Overvoltage protection Overwater radio propagation Oxidation Oxygen Oxygen compounds Oxygenators+ ===> Instead use Blood oxygenators Ozone Pacemakers+ ===> Instead use Cardiac pacemakers Packaging Packet radio Packet reservation multiaccess Packet switching PACS+ ===> Instead use Picture archiving and communication systems Page description languages languages" were used Paged memories Paging communication Pain Palladium Palladium alloys Palladium compounds PAM+ ===> Instead use Pulse amplitude modulation Pancreas+ ===> Instead use Digestive system Paper industry+ ===> Instead use Pulp and paper industry Paper insulation Paraelectric materials+ ===> Instead use Dielectric materials Parallel algorithms Parallel architectures Parallel languages Parallel machines Parallel memories Parallel plate waveguides Parallel processing Parallel processor interconnection+ ===> Instead use Multiprocessor interconnection Parallel programming Parallelizing compilers Paramagnetic materials Paramagnetic resonance Parameter estimation Parameter identification+ ===> Instead use Parameter estimation Parameter space methods Parameter uncertainty+ ===> Instead use Uncertain systems Parametric amplifiers Parametric devices Parametric oscillators Parasitic antennas Pareto distributions Parity check+ ===> Instead use Codes Partial differential equations Partial discharges Partial fraction expansions Partial response signaling Particle accelerators+ ===> Instead use Accelerators Particle beam bunching Particle beam choppers Particle beam control Particle beam cooling Particle beam debunching+ ===> Instead use Particle beam bunching Particle beam dynamics Particle beam extraction Particle beam focusing Particle beam handling Particle beam injection Particle beam measurements Particle beam optics Particle beam stability Particle beam steering Particle beam transport Particle beams Particle charging Particle collisions Particle detectors+ ===> Instead use Radiation detectors Particle measurements Particle production Particle scattering Particle separators Particle sources Particle spectroscopy+ ===> Instead use Spectroscopy Particle tracking Particles (elementary)+ ===> Instead use Elementary particles Particulate measurements+ ===> Instead use Particle measurements Passivation Passive circuits Passive filters Patch antennas+ ===> Instead use Microstrip antennas Patent abstracts Patents Pattern classification Pattern clustering methods Pattern matching Pattern recognition Pattern recognition equipment PCB+ ===> Instead use Polychlorinated biphenyls PCM+ ===> Instead use Pulse code modulation PDM+ ===> Instead use Pulse width modulation Peak detectors Pediatrics Peltier effect+ ===> Instead use Thermoelectricity Perceptrons Periodic control Periodic functions Periodic media+ ===> Instead use Nonhomogeneous media Periodic structures Peripheral equipment+ ===> Instead use Computer peripherals Permalloy Permalloy films Permanent magnet generators Permanent magnet machines Permanent magnet motors Permanent magnets Permeability Permeability measurement Permeable base transistors Permittivity Permittivity measurement Permutation codes Permutation matrices Permutations Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Perpendicular magnetic recording Personal communication networks Personal computers+ ===> Instead use Microcomputers Personnel Personnel monitoring+ ===> Instead use Radiation monitoring Perturbation methods PET+ ===> Instead use Positron emission tomography Petri nets Petroleum Petroleum industry PFM+ ===> Instead use Pulse frequency modulation Pharmaceuticals+ ===> Instead use Drugs Phase coding Phase comparators Phase conjugation Phase control Phase conversion Phase detection Phase distortion Phase equalizers Phase estimation Phase jitter Phase locked amplifiers Phase locked loops Phase locked oscillators Phase matching Phase measurement Phase modulation Phase noise Phase shift keying Phase shifters Phase synchronization Phase transformers Phased array radar Phased arrays Philosophical considerations Phonographs+ ===> Instead use Audio systems Phonons Phosphorus Phosphorus alloys Phosphorus compounds Photoacoustic effects Photoacoustic spectroscopy Photocathodes Photochromism Photocomposition+ ===> Instead use Text processing Photoconducting devices Photoconducting materials Photoconductivity Photoconductors+ ===> Instead use Photoconducting materials Photocurrent+ ===> Instead use Photoconductivity Photodarkening+ ===> Instead use Photochromism Photodetectors Photodiodes Photodissociation lasers+ ===> Instead use Chemical lasers Photoelasticity Photoelectricity Photoemission+ ===> Instead use Photoelectricity Photogalvanic effects+ ===> Instead use Photoconductivity+ ===> Instead use Photovoltaic effects Photography Photoionization Photolithography